Geology

1. Oceans

1.1. Oceans cover 70.8% of the Earths Surface

1.2. The gravitational pull of the Moon controls the tides

1.3. Marianas trench is the deepest point in the ocean

1.3.1. "Big enough to fit Mount Everest"

1.4. The water has a salt concentration of 3.5%

1.5. The broadest flattest sections are the Abyssal Plane

1.5.1. - 9800ft -20,000ft deep

2. Weathering

2.1. Mechanical Weathering - Rocks are changed by non chemical elements or factors

2.1.1. Example- Wind, tree roots, pressure

2.2. Chemical Weathering- water is the single biggest agent of chemical weathering

2.3. Tree roots can cause wedging in rocks that is a form of weathering

2.4. Oxidation - Minerals with iron eventually oxidize and deteriorate

2.4.1. - Magnesium and Calcium also affect rusting speed

3. Minerals

3.1. Must meet 5 requirements - Naturally Occurring, Inorganic, Solid, Crystalline Structure, Defined Chem Composition

3.1.1. Mineral copies made in labs are not considered legitament minerals

3.2. Quartz is common in most rocks

3.3. React differently to acid depending on there composition

3.3.1. Sulfuric acid is commonly used to test

3.4. Minerals vary drastically in density and size

3.5. Key components to manufacturing and cooking

3.5.1. Salt and lithium are common examples

4. Volcanoes

4.1. Viscosity measures Lavas ability to flow

4.1.1. The less viscous, the runnier the lava

4.2. Basalt lava flows can form lava lakes

4.3. Pyroclastics are ash clouds given off by erupting volcanos

4.3.1. This occurred in Pompei

4.4. Mt. St. Helens is a Volcanic Dome

5. Earthquakes

5.1. Foreshocks- Occur before the earthquake

5.2. Aftershocks- Occur after the initial earthquake

5.3. They occur along moving tectonic boundaries

5.3.1. San Andreas fault is notorious California hot zone

5.4. Seismology is the study of earthquakes

5.5. Magnitude measures the amount of energy released

6. Earth's Interior

6.1. Comprised of - Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

6.1.1. Crust is thinnest layer, mantle is the thickest

6.2. Crust made of Granite and Basalt

6.3. Mantle is 80% of Earths Volume

6.4. Olivine is found in the upper and lower mantle

6.4.1. Olivine is a bright green color, not red

6.5. Core is made of molten Iron and Nickel