1. Phrasal verbs
1.1. Definition
1.1.1. A phrasal verb is a verb + preposition/particle.
1.1.2. Some phrasal verbs are “separable”.
1.1.3. Phrasal verbs have different meanings that the base verb on its own.
1.1.4. Some phrasal verbs have three words. They are always inseparable.
1.1.4.1. Every winter I come down with a cold.
1.1.4.2. How much longer do we have to put up with this rain?
1.2. Formula : verb + preposition/particle
2. Reported Speech
2.1. Definition
2.1.1. We use it when we tell someone what someone else said or to explain what someone else has said.
2.2. Formulas
2.2.1. verb + (that) clause
2.2.1.1. use with verb: explain, insist, mention, say
2.2.1.2. Peter said that he was leaving.
2.2.2. verb + pronoun/noun + (that) clause
2.2.2.1. use with verb: convince, promise, remind, tell
2.2.2.2. My daughter told me that she had passed her test.
2.2.3. verb + pronoun/noun + infinitive
2.2.3.1. use with verb: beg, convince, encourage, invite, remid, tell
2.2.3.2. My coach encourage me to work hard.
2.3. Rules
3. Comparatives Forms
3.1. Definition
3.1.1. Used to compare 2 nouns or to describe verbs or other adverbs.
3.2. More than...
3.2.1. Short adjectives
3.2.1.1. Form: adj-er + than
3.2.1.1.1. This room is nicer than ours.
3.2.1.1.2. Mike is funnier than Isaac.
3.2.1.1.3. This shirt is bigger than the red shirt.
3.2.1.2. Adjectives with one syllable, add -er to the end
3.2.1.3. If a one-syllable adjective ends in [consonant, vowel, consonant], the consonant letter is doubled. Ex. wetter
3.2.1.4. For adj ending in –e, just add –r. Ex: cuter
3.2.1.5. For adj ending in –y, change –y to –i and add –er. Ex: healthier, tinier
3.2.2. Long adjectives
3.2.2.1. Form : more + adj + than
3.2.2.1.1. This book is more boring than the last one.
3.2.2.1.2. I need to buy a more modern phone.
3.2.2.1.3. You are more polite than Joey.
3.2.2.2. For two-or-more-syllable adjectives use “more”.
3.2.2.3. Some adj have two comparatives forms. Ex: narrow => narrower, more narrow
3.3. Less than...
3.3.1. Form: less + adj + than / not as + adj + as
3.3.1.1. My hair is less stylish than yours.
3.3.1.2. Her teacher are not as nice as mine are.
3.3.1.3. My cat is not as big as my dog.
3.4. Equal to...
3.4.1. Form: as + adj + as
3.4.1.1. That horse is as big as a car.
3.4.1.2. I have as many friends as you.
3.4.1.3. Jess sings as beautifully as Ana.
3.5. Irregular
3.5.1. bad => worse
3.5.2. good => better
3.5.3. far => farther/further