1. say what?
1.1. certainty
1.1.1. 100 % - definitely
1.1.2. 60 % - probably
1.1.3. 30 % - maybe
2. a sign of the times
2.1. focus on the action
2.1.1. be + past participle
3. -
3.1. talking about preferences
3.1.1. I would hate / like / love / prefer
3.1.2. I wouldn't hate / like / love / prefer
4. say that again
4.1. communication problems
4.1.1. asking
4.1.1.1. what do you mean?
4.1.1.2. what's a ... ?
4.1.1.3. what does ... mean?
4.1.1.4. how pronounce / spell ... ?
4.1.1.5. how do you use ... ?
4.1.2. explaining
4.1.2.1. It means ...
4.1.2.2. It's a kind / type of ...
4.1.2.3. It's pronounced / spelled ....
4.1.2.4. It's similar to ...
4.1.2.5. It's something we use to ...
5. please?
5.1. being polite
5.1.1. asking requests
5.1.1.1. could you + infinitive
5.1.1.1.1. Miguel, could you drink water?
5.1.1.2. do you mind + ing
5.1.1.2.1. Jon, do you mind giving me money / cash?
5.1.1.3. would you mind + ing
5.1.1.3.1. Artur, would you mind watching Naruto with me?
5.1.2. asking for permission
5.1.2.1. could I + infitinitive
5.1.2.1.1. could I leave this call?
5.1.2.2. do you mind if I + infinitive
5.1.2.3. would you mind + infinitive