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TASKS 🗣️📝 作者: Mind Map: TASKS 🗣️📝

1. WHAT AREN'T THEY?

1.1. Activities that are concerned with language display

1.2. Actions with practice oriented 👩‍🏫 👀🧒

2. THESE ARE THE TWO MAIN TYPES

3. COMMUNICATIVE

3.1. They involve learners' in comprehending, manipulating, producing or interacting in the target language

3.1.1. Attention is focused on MEANING

3.1.2. Oral and Written activities are examples of them 🗣️📝 ✏️

4. LEARNING

4.1. They focus on formal features of the L2, and linguistic competence 🇺🇸

5. CLT AND TASKS

5.1. Learners use it not just to learn about the language 🇺🇸

5.2. Develop communicative competence 🗣️

6. HUMANISM AND TASKS

6.1. Schools were asked a more 'holistic' approach

6.2. Stevick identified 4 types of alineation for failure in teaching

6.2.1. Alineation for failure comes from:

6.2.1.1. the materials

6.2.1.2. themselves

6.2.1.3. the class

6.2.1.4. the teacher

7. SYLLABUS

8. STRUCTURAL

8.1. L2 acquisition is organic rather than 'additive'

8.2. Emphasis on early language production

9. PROCESS (Breen)

9.1. Learners and teachers create a 'process' which is not predesigned 🧑‍🏫 👨‍🏫👩‍🏫

9.2. Sharing the creation of the syllabus makes it all more meaningful and accessible 👏

10. WHAT ARE THEY?

10.1. Also know as 'ACTIVITIES' 📚

10.2. ACT OR ACTIONS that learners are given to process the language learning 🤓

11. THEY ARE ALSO DEFINED AS

11.1. Activities that include negotiation of meaning

11.2. They have an objective, context, procedure and outcomes for those who undertake the task

11.3. Activities or actions that are carried out to process or understand language

11.4. They may or may not involve production of the language

11.5. Activities which focus on meaning over form

12. GOOD TASKS

12.1. Encourage learners to attend to meaning 👏🏻

12.2. Give learners flexibility in solving problems in their own 🧑🏻‍🎓

12.3. Challenge but they are not demanding

12.4. Raise learners' awareness of the process of language use 🏥 🏭 🗣️ ✍🏻

13. PROCEDURAL (Prabhu)

13.1. Series of tasks which Ss did chosen and sequenced by the T

14. IN A LESSON 👨🏻‍🏫 🧑🏻‍🏫

14.1. PPP (Presentation, Practice, Production)

14.1.1. PRESENTATION --> New language is presented to the SS through elicitation 👩🏻‍🏫

14.1.2. PRACTICE --> SS are asked to practice the target language

14.1.3. PRODUCTION --> SS are encouraged to use the target language in a less controlled environment

14.2. CRITICISMS

14.2.1. Language is broken into small chunks

14.2.2. It does not reflect the nature of the language nor the learning

14.2.3. Transition from practice to production might not be sucessful

14.3. SKEHAN'S REASONS NOT TO QUIT ON THE PPP APPROACH

14.3.1. Comforting for the T 👨🏿‍🏫

14.3.2. Clear techniques such as elicitation or drilling

14.3.3. Clear goals

14.4. LANGUAGE LEARNING

14.4.1. ITEM LEARNING

14.4.1.1. Memorizing semi-fixed chunks 🧠

14.4.2. SYSTEM LEARNING

14.4.2.1. Discovering grammatical rules 🤯