1. conginetal
1.1. primary
1.2. secondary to maternal rubella infection
1.3. secondary to inherited occular diseases
2. its a group of eye diseases in which damage to optic nerve ( optic neuropathy) is not always caused by raised oscular pressure
2.1. optic neuropathy
2.2. visual field defect
2.3. with or without increase IOP
3. primary
3.1. chronic open angle glaucoma
3.1.1. iris not covering trabecular network
3.1.2. myopic patient
3.1.3. males and females are equally affected
3.1.4. most common type of glaucoma ( 3rd cause of blindness in UK
3.1.5. signs and symptoms
3.1.5.1. gradual bilateral painless vision loss
3.1.5.2. disc cupping
3.1.5.3. loss of peripheral vision in both eyes and tunnel vision in advanced stages
3.1.6. criteria
3.1.6.1. increase IOP
3.1.6.2. visual field changes
3.1.6.2.1. blurred central vision
3.1.6.2.2. arcuate scotoma
3.1.6.2.3. tunnel vision
3.1.6.3. optic nerve damage (disc cupping)
3.1.7. diagnosis
3.1.7.1. gonioscopy
3.1.7.2. visual field testing
3.1.7.3. direct ophthalmoscope for disc cupping
3.1.8. management ( to lower IOP)
3.1.8.1. medical
3.1.8.1.1. prostaglandin analogue
3.1.8.1.2. B blockers
3.1.8.1.3. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
3.1.8.1.4. alpha 2 agonist
3.1.8.1.5. cholinergic agonist
3.1.8.1.6. systemic
3.1.8.2. surgical
3.1.8.2.1. opening to drain aqueous humor (bypass shunt)
3.1.8.3. laser
3.1.8.3.1. trabeculaplasty
3.2. acute & chronic close angle glaucoma
3.2.1. iris covering trabecular network
3.2.2. risk factors
3.2.2.1. female
3.2.2.2. hypermetropia
3.2.3. symptoms
3.2.3.1. red painful eyes due to rapid increase in IOP
3.2.3.2. blurred vision
3.2.3.3. headache
3.2.3.4. nausea and vomiting
3.2.3.5. photophobia
3.2.4. signs
3.2.4.1. red eye
3.2.4.2. increase IOP
3.2.4.3. mild dilated fixed pupil
3.2.4.4. shallow anterior chamber
3.2.4.5. cloudy cornea
3.2.5. diagnosis
3.2.5.1. gonioscopy
3.2.5.2. slit lamp
3.2.5.3. ultrasound biomicroscopy
3.2.6. management
3.2.6.1. acute attack
3.2.6.1.1. IV/oral acetazolamide
3.2.6.1.2. topical anti glaucoma
3.2.6.1.3. painkiller
3.2.6.2. prevention of subsequent attacks
3.2.6.2.1. laser
3.2.6.2.2. surgery