1. Organelles
1.1. Nucleus
1.1.1. controls cell activities such as removing waste and cell division
1.1.1.1. contains DNA- chromatin (resting cell) and chromosomes (actively dividing cell)
1.1.2. biggest organelle in the animal cell
1.2. Mitochondrion
1.2.1. double membrane organelle and inner membrane thrown into numerous folds called cristae
1.2.2. releases energy in a process known as aerobic respiration
1.2.3. contains its own DNA for replication whenever required
1.3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
1.3.1. a network of membranes forming sacs and tubules
1.3.2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
1.3.2.1. dotted with ribosomes on the surface to give it a rough appearance
1.3.2.2. ribsosomes manufacture polypeptides and insert them into ER lumen to transport it to Golgi Body
1.3.2.3. Free ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and manufacture polypeptides for internal use
1.3.3. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
1.3.3.1. not dotted with ribosomes giving it a smooth appearance
1.3.3.2. involved in synthesis of lipids and steroids
1.3.3.3. involved in detoxification of drugs
1.4. Golgi Body
1.4.1. consists of a curved stack of flattened sacs which are not connected
1.4.2. modifies proteins for specific functions and prepares them for transport to other parts of cell by packaging them into membrane bound sacs
1.5. Chloroplast
1.5.1. ovoid double membrane organelle
1.5.2. contains chlorophyll pigment which give plants their characteristic green colour
1.5.3. starch grains are also found plentiful here
1.6. Secretory Vesicle
1.6.1. involved in transport of chemicals within the cell
1.7. Vacuole
1.7.1. filled with cell sap
1.8. Lysosome
1.8.1. contain a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes which play crucial role in intercellular digestion and cell death
1.9. Cell Membrane
1.9.1. biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment
1.9.2. partially selective to ions and organic molecules therefore controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell
1.10. Cell Wall
1.10.1. made out of 50% cellulose
1.10.2. to protect the plant cell from outside particles, invading or otherwise, with its cuticle
1.10.3. maintain its turgidity as it is relatively rigid and inflexible
1.10.4. to hold the plant up, against gravity