Life on the Goldfields
作者：Cedric Siu
1. Sickness
1.1. Tumors
1.2. Cancer
1.3. Ringworm
1.4. Sore eyes
1.5. Ulcers
1.6. Dysentery
1.7. Typhoid
2. Interesting Facts
2.1. Worked from dawn to dusk.
2.2. There were women digging in the early stages
2.3. Gold rush began in 1851
2.4. There was plentiful gold in the beginning
2.5. Later, they had to use shaft mining to find gold
2.6. It changed Australia to a democratic country
2.7. Grog shops were illegal
3. Schooling
3.1. First began in tents
3.2. Could fit 100 children
3.3. Sat on wooden benches
3.4. Bad standard
3.5. Bad teachers
3.6. Arithmetic, handwriting, geography etc. as subjects
4. Ways of Digging
4.1. Panning
4.1.1. Need a pan
4.2. Sluicing
4.3. Shaft
4.3.1. Underground
4.3.2. Extremely dangerous
4.4. Alluvial
4.4.1. At the beginning of the gold rush
4.5. Puddling
4.6. Cradling
4.6.1. Tiring work as you have to push back and forth
5. Houses
5.1. Tents
5.1.1. Dirty
5.1.2. Canvas
5.2. Wooden houses
5.3. Brick cottages
5.3.1. Most are brick
5.4. Slab hut
5.4.1. Uncomfortable
6. Clothing
6.1. Mens
6.1.1. Straw hats
6.1.2. Loose shirts
6.1.3. Loose trousers
6.1.4. Rubber boots
6.2. Womens
6.2.1. Corsets
6.2.2. Lace up boots
6.2.3. Long dresses
7. Entertainment
7.1. Sport
7.2. Telling stories
7.3. Dancing
7.4. Smoking pipe
7.5. Drinking grog
7.6. Opium smoking (Chinese only)
7.7. Boxing saloon
7.8. Opossum hunting
7.9. Kangaroo hunting
8. Food
8.1. Damper
8.1.1. Popular on a stick
8.2. Tea
8.2.1. Water in goldfields not clean
8.3. Mutton
8.3.1. Sometimes has maggots in it
8.4. Jerky
8.5. Kangaroo or wallaby
8.5.1. Only occasional
8.6. Billy Tea
9. Licences to dig for gold
9.1. Had to be bought before digging in goldfields
9.2. 30 shillings per month
9.3. Licences had to be with them when digging
9.4. Heavy fines if found not with them when digging
9.5. Possibility of jail
10. Thoughts of Diggers
10.1. Hated police
10.2. Police nickname "Traps"
10.3. Police- brutal, dishonest, unfair, inefficient
10.4. Hated Chinese when they arrived
11. Life of Children
11.1. Helped parents dig
11.2. Carried wood
11.3. Looked after tent or hut
11.4. Cared for the horses
11.5. Fossicked around the leftover gravel and sand
11.6. Older children expected to work as hard as adults
11.7. Only some could afford to go to school
11.8. Help their mother cook
11.9. Did most of the shopping with their mother
12. Shopping
12.1. Tools for mining
12.1.1. Pan
12.1.2. Pick
12.1.3. Bucket
12.1.4. Windlass
12.1.5. Shovel
12.2. Food
12.3. Licences
12.3.1. To dig for gold
12.4. Drinks
12.4.1. Grog