1. Gas Exchange
1.1. External- Hemoglobin Breathing- Inspiration and Expiration
1.2. Plants
1.2.1. Transpiration Transpiration Pull As a result of transpiration water moves up the whole column from the roots to the least This is also how water gets transported up the plant. The plant has to lose water to gain water
1.2.1.1. Xylem Provide mechanical support he rest of the plant The sucrose, amino acids are also stored in fruits.
1.2.1.1.1. Phloem Transports food from the leaves
1.2.1.2. photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.
1.3. Animals
1.3.1. Systems
1.3.1.1. Respiratory system
1.3.1.2. Trachea
1.3.1.3. Alveoli breathed in oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood in the vessels, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the vessels to the air in the alveoli
1.3.1.4. Lungs
1.3.1.5. Bronchi
1.3.1.5.1. Bronchioles
1.3.1.6. Circulatory system Transports nutrients, waste and oxygen Preserves body heat Clots blood to recover from injury
1.3.1.6.1. Single closed - the blood passes only once through the heart in each complete circuit of the body.
1.3.1.6.2. Double closed - blood passes through the heart twice per circuit.
1.3.1.6.3. Open - In the open circulation, the blood is not enclosed in the blood vessels and is pumped into a cavity called hemocoel.
2. Reporduction
2.1. Sexual
2.1.1. Internal Fertilization- Internal fertilization is the union of an egg cell with sperm during sexual reproduction inside the female body.
2.1.1.1. Zygote- the union of a sperm cell and egg
2.2. Asexual
2.2.1. External Fertilization - External fertilization is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg outside of the female's body
2.2.2. Fragmentation a form of asexual reproduction wherein a parent organism breaks into fragments (Example: Starfish or a Worm)
2.2.3. Budding ( Occurs in plants) a type of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from a kind of outgrowth. A newly created organism is a clone and genetically Identical.
2.2.4. Spores ( Occurs in Fungi) a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with another reproductive cell
2.2.5. Meiosis Meiosis is a kind of cell division that decreases the number of chromosomes in the parent cell considerably and produces four gamete cells.
2.3. Hapiliod- Any cell with 23 Chromosomes
2.3.1. Diploid- A cell with paired chromosomes
2.3.2. Multicellular - consisting of many cells
2.3.2.1. Unicellular - having or consisting of a single cell
3. Classification
3.1. Binomial Nomenclature There is a standard system of naming species by giving two-part names. According to it, the first name is the generic name and it has an initial capital letter. The second name is the specific name and it has an initial small letter. It is also always italicized
3.1.1. Taxon Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
3.2. The earth is very different with life forms that are minuscule to the point that you need a magnifying lens to the biggest creature that is trillions of times greater. With such variety how do researchers group them all? Researchers have been utilizing a similar grouping framework created by Linnaeus for more than 250 years. This part of science is called scientific categorization and manages to distinguish, naming and characterizing species.
3.2.1. Why Classify
3.2.2. It is necessary to classify organisms because:
3.2.3. Classification allows us to understand diversity better.
3.2.4. It helps in the identification of living organisms as well as in understanding the diversity of living organisms.
3.2.5. Classification helps us to learn about different kinds of plants and animals, their features, similarities and differences.
4. 3 Domains
4.1. Archea Archaea are the unicellular prokaryotes that include the space of a similar name, Archaea. These microorganisms are normally found occupying and flourishing in extraordinary unnatural conditions
4.1.1. Bacteria Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms with prokaryotic cells, which are single cells that don't have organelles or a genuine core and are less perplexing than eukaryotic cells.
4.1.1.1. Domain Eukarya - More complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. - Various compartments with specialized functions - Are essential to all ecosystems and living organisms. - Can reproduce sexually and asexually - unicellular but mostly multicellular organisms
4.1.1.1.1. Protista
4.1.1.1.2. A eukaryotic organism, usually unicellular, that is not a fungus, plant or animal
4.1.1.1.3. ONLY DIFFUSION IS NEEDED TO SURVIVE
4.1.1.1.4. Plantae
4.1.1.1.5. A multicellular photosynthetic eukaryote with a cellulose-based cell wall
4.1.1.1.6. Fungi
4.1.1.1.7. A stationary, heterotrophic eukaryotic whose cell walls contain chitin
4.1.1.1.8. Animalia
4.1.1.1.9. Animalia is the final kingdom and is divided into 2 categories: vertebrates and vertebrates