1. Nursing management
1.1. Education
1.1.1. Minimal alcohol intake, due to fluid restirction
1.1.2. Low salt diet
1.1.2.1. Explaining how it will reduce the amount of circulation volume, which will then reduce the volume of the pumping of the heart
1.1.3. Monitoring weight
1.1.3.1. To identify fluid retention
1.1.3.1.1. this is very important
1.1.4. Importance to regular exercise
1.1.4.1. Promoting activity during hospital stay
1.1.5. Reducing anxiety or increase patient ability to manage anxiety
1.1.6. encouraging patient self care
1.2. Pharmacological interventions
1.2.1. Giving medications
1.2.1.1. ACE inhibitors
1.2.1.2. Beta blockers
1.2.1.3. Aldosterone antagonists
1.3. Monitoring and managing complications
1.3.1. develop low magnesium levels
1.3.2. Excess and repeated diuretics can lead to hypokalemia
2. Pathophysiology
2.1. End result of number of different psychophysiological processes
2.1.1. Injury to the heart
2.1.1.1. Impairment
2.1.1.2. Loss
3. Evaluation
3.1. Controlled weight?
3.2. Healthy lifestyle?
3.2.1. This will help prevent the extra work from the heart
4. Functioning myocardial cells
4.1. Sections of the heart valve dying and not working,
4.1.1. pumping less blood
4.1.2. Not providing enough blood to the body
5. Aetiology
5.1. Mostly caused by
5.1.1. Ischemic heart disease
5.1.2. Cardiomyopathy
5.1.3. Hyptertension
5.1.4. Valvular disorder
5.1.4.1. valve defects
5.2. High risk
5.2.1. Diabetes
5.3. Other causes:
5.3.1. lung problems
5.3.1.1. poor blood supply to lungs
5.3.1.2. Lung disease, asthma, bronchitis, obstructed airways
5.3.1.3. high BP in lungs
5.3.2. Lifestyle
5.3.2.1. Alcohol or drug misuse
5.3.2.2. failure to take preventive medications
5.3.2.3. diet(excessive salt or fluid intake)
6. Nursing assessment
6.1. Observing effectiveness of therapy
6.1.1. monitoring symptoms
6.1.1.1. breathlessness
6.1.1.2. swollen limbs
6.1.1.3. fatigue
6.2. Assessing patient knowledge
6.2.1. knowledge of the disease
6.2.2. Knowledge of how to manage HF
6.3. Neurological
6.3.1. Limb strength
6.3.1.1. muscle wasting/ weakness
6.3.2. GCS
6.3.2.1. To check if patient is orientated to time person and place
6.3.2.1.1. unexplained confusion or altered mental status
6.4. Head to toe assessment
6.4.1. Respiratory
6.4.1.1. be alert to symptoms
6.4.1.1.1. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea