1. AXIAL 80
1.1. SKULL (22)
1.1.1. CRANIUM (8)
1.1.1.1. FRONTAL (1)
1.1.1.1.1. FOREHEAD
1.1.1.2. PARIETAL (2)
1.1.1.2.1. ROOF
1.1.1.3. OCCIPITAL (1)
1.1.1.3.1. HIND
1.1.1.4. TEMPORALS (2)
1.1.1.4.1. LATERAL
1.1.1.5. SPHENOID (1)
1.1.1.5.1. DEPRESSION FOR PITUITARY GLAND (SELLA TURSICA)
1.1.1.6. ETHMOID (1)
1.1.2. FACIAL (14)
1.1.2.1. NASAL (2)
1.1.2.2. ZYGOMATIC (2) CHEEK
1.1.2.3. MAXILLAE (2) UPPER JAW
1.1.2.4. MANDIBLE (1) LOWER JAW
1.1.2.4.1. JOINS TO TEMPORAL
1.1.2.5. LACRIMALS (2)
1.1.2.6. INF NASAL CONCHAE/TURBINALS (2)
1.1.2.6.1. MAKE 3 BONY RIDGES
1.1.2.7. VOMER (1)
1.1.2.7.1. NOSE-UPPER ETHMOID & LOWER VOMER
1.1.2.8. PALATINE (2)
1.1.2.8.1. PALATE ROOF IS MADE OF 2 BONES, palate is formed by both maxillary and palatine bones
1.2. EAR OSSICLES-3PAIRS (6)
1.2.1. SMALLEST BONES
1.2.1.1. IN MIDDLE EAR
1.2.1.1.1. AMPLIFICATION
1.3. HYOID (1)
1.3.1. not articulated to any other bone
1.4. THORACIC CAGE/RIB CAGE (25)
1.4.1. RIBS-12PAIRS (24)
1.4.1.1. TRUE
1.4.1.1.1. 1st pairs (14)
1.4.1.2. FALSE
1.4.1.2.1. 8th,9th,10th pairs (6)
1.4.1.3. FLOATING
1.4.1.3.1. 11th & 12th pairs (4)
1.4.2. STERNUM (1)
1.4.2.1. ventral
1.4.2.1.1. protect trachea
1.5. VERTEBRAL COLUMN (26)
1.5.1. CERVICAL (7)
1.5.1.1. 1st-atlas
1.5.1.2. 2nd-axis
1.5.2. THORACIC (12)
1.5.3. LUMBAR (5)
1.5.4. SACRUM ((5,FUSED))
1.5.5. COCCYX ((4,FUSED))
2. APPENDICULAR 126
2.1. LIMB BONES
2.1.1. FORE LIMBS 30+30=(60)
2.1.1.1. HUMERUS (1)
2.1.1.2. RADIUS & ULNA (1+1)
2.1.1.3. CARPALS (8) in 2 sets of 4+4
2.1.1.4. META CARPALS (5)
2.1.1.5. PHALANGES (2+3+3+3+3=14)
2.1.2. HIND LIIMBS 30+30=(60)
2.1.2.1. FEMUR (1)
2.1.2.2. PATELA (1)
2.1.2.3. TIBIA & FIBULA (1+1)
2.1.2.4. TARSALS (7)
2.1.2.5. META TARSALS (5)
2.1.2.6. PHALANGES (2+3+3+3+3=14)
2.2. GIRDLES
2.2.1. PECTORAL (4)
2.2.1.1. SCAPULA (shoulder blade)
2.2.1.1.1. body
2.2.1.1.2. spine
2.2.1.1.3. acromian process
2.2.1.2. CLAVICLE (collar bone)
2.2.2. PELVIC (2)
2.2.2.1. COXAL BONE (2)
2.2.2.1.1. ilium
2.2.2.1.2. ischium
2.2.2.1.3. pubis
3. JOINTS
3.1. FIBROUS
3.1.1. IMMOVABLE
3.1.1.1. skull bones (sutures)
3.1.1.2. b/w ethmoid & vomer
3.1.1.3. b/w teeth & sockets
3.2. CARTILAGENOUS
3.2.1. PARTIALLY MOVABLE
3.2.1.1. pubic symphysis
3.2.1.2. intervertebral disc
3.3. SYNOVIAL JOINTS
3.3.1. FREELY MOVABLE
3.3.1.1. Ball & socket
3.3.1.2. Hinge joint
3.3.1.3. Pivot joint
3.3.1.4. gliding joint
3.3.1.5. Saddle joint
4. DISORDER
4.1. ARTHRITIS
4.1.1. OSTEO
4.1.1.1. OLD AGE RELATED
4.1.1.1.1. HYALINE CARTILAGE WEARS OFF
4.1.2. RHEUMATOID
4.1.2.1. AUTOIMMUNE
4.1.3. GOUTY
4.1.3.1. DISPRDER OF PURINE METABOLISM
4.1.3.2. URIC ACID ACCUMULATION
4.1.3.3. SUGGESTED TO TAKE LOW PROTEIN DIET
4.2. OSTEOPOROSIS
4.2.1. DECREASED BONE MASS
4.2.2. INCREASED CHANCE OF FRACTURES
4.2.3. DUE TO DECREASED LEVELS OF ESTROGEN
4.2.4. DECREASED BONE MASS