1. dealing induction in a “probable” is a reasonable solution to the problem which more likely favors the views of Salmon.
2. Conclusion
2.1. Inductive reasoning or induction plays a vital role in scientific research, but unluckily the results or conclusions derived using induction are not reliable and they can‟t be trusted, which leads to the problem of induction
2.2. Induction gives conclusion which may lie on the wide band of border between true and false
3. The connection
3.1. Between the conclusion and the premises is very important, because, otherwise, the reasoning will lead us to a false conclusion
4. Reasoning can be
4.1. Deductive
4.1.1. inductive
5. Rationalism
5.1. You can only know what you experience through your senses
5.1.1. Rationalism is a belief ortheory thatopinions and actions should be based on reasonand knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response, expoundedby Rene Descartes.
5.2. Innate ideas
5.2.1. It means to have ideas before we born. Are we born with knowledge? The assumption is that we born as a ‘blank slot’ but Plato believe that the human soul exists eternally, andexists in a world of form(or idea)before life.
5.3. Reason
5.3.1. Is the main source of knowledge and 5 senses only give you opinion, not reason.e.g. Descartes’ wax argument. He states’’we come to know them by the power four own native intelligence, without any sensory experience. Wax has certain characteristic, it may burn and turn black, However,i tis still wax .He concludes that these characteristic are not inherent to the wax itself.
5.4. Deduction
5.4.1. Prove something with certainty rather than reason.e.gexistanceof God(Descartes’).
6. You can only know what you reason throught
6.1. the theory that all knowledge is drived from sense-experience. Stimulated by the rise of exprimental sience, it developed in 17thand 18th centuries, expoundedin particular by John Locke,GeorgeBerkeley
7. Inductive inferences that we draw from true premises are not 100% reliable, because they may take us to the false result from true premises.
8. The problem of induction
8.1. There is no reason or obvious justification to predict universal truth from specific truth.
8.2. A conclusion drawn in this way may always be false.
8.3. We can not use deduction, a logical movement, in all cases to conclude from premises, if there is no syllogism to allow us for such movement.
8.3.1. Syllogism is a logical argument in which one argument is inferred from two others of a certain form. So relying on induction could be a solution
9. Solution of the problem
9.1. According to the Newton’s Third Law of motion
9.1.1. For every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction
9.1.1.1. If it is assumed, at least once, that the theory “for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction” is wrong.
9.1.1.1.1. Although, we daily see the airplane can fly and the bullets and rockets are fired. It means that the theory is true and the inductive reasoning can not be „rejected‟.
10. Reasoning
10.1. is an important part of many fields like logic, artificial intelligence, philosophy of science, and so on.
11. Conclusions are derived
11.1. from a new idea – an anticipation.
11.2. hypothesis, or a theoretical system,
12. Reasoning uses
12.1. arguments which are sets of statements or propositions each consists of premises and conclusion.
13. Inductive reasoning or induction
13.1. is the process of reasoning in which it is believed that the premises of an argument support the truth of conclusion, but they don‟t ensure its truth.
14. Empiricism
14.1. You can only know what you reason throught
14.1.1. the theory that all knowledge is drived from sense-experience. Stimulated by the rise of exprimental sience, it developed in 17thand 18th centuries, expoundedin particular by John Locke,GeorgeBerkeley
14.2. Sense preception
14.2.1. - Main source of knowledge 1.simple:Based onpreception,like,color,size,etc. 2.Complex:Ideas are formed when simple ideas are combined.
14.3. Induction
14.3.1. - It is belief that few things,ifany can be proven conclusively(Descatres’).