1. MEDICAL
1.1. PAST
1.1.1. 1900
1.1.1.1. 1924: The Electroencephalogram
1.1.1.2. 1928: The Iron Lung
1.1.1.3. 1931: Minimally Invasive Surgery
1.1.1.4. 1936: The Pacemaker
1.1.1.5. 1943: Dialysis
1.1.1.6. 1944: The Disposable Catheter
1.1.1.7. 1947: Cardiac Defibrillation
1.1.1.8. 1952: Magnetic Resonance
1.1.1.9. 1953: The Heart-Lung Bypass Machine
1.1.1.10. 1953: Cochlear Prosthesis
1.1.1.11. 1963: The Insulin Pump
1.1.1.12. 1971: CT Scanner
1.1.1.13. 1982: First Successful Implantation of an Artificial Heart
1.1.1.14. 1987: Robots & Lasers
1.1.1.15. 1993: First Bionic Limb
1.2. PRESENT
1.2.1. 2000
1.2.1.1. Augmented Reality
1.2.1.2. Virtual Reality
1.2.1.3. Robotics
1.2.1.4. Artificial Intelligence
1.2.1.5. 3D printing
1.2.1.6. Tissue Engieering
1.2.1.7. portable Dlagnostics
1.2.1.8. Digital Tatoots
1.2.1.9. Nutrigenomics
1.2.1.10. Smartwatch ECG
1.2.1.11. Surgery With Robots
2. ARCHITECTURE
2.1. PAST
2.1.1. Plough
2.1.2. Yoke
2.1.3. Leveller
2.1.4. Harrow
2.1.5. Mallot
2.1.6. Khilna
2.1.7. Kudali
2.1.8. Wooden Pin
2.1.9. Sieve
2.1.10. Shearer
2.1.11. Pine
2.2. PRESENT
2.2.1. Soil and Water Sensors
2.2.2. Weather Tracking
2.2.3. Satellite Imaging
2.2.4. Pervasive Automation
2.2.5. Minichromosomal Technology
2.2.6. RFID Technology
2.2.7. Vertical Farming
2.2.8. GIS software and GPS agriculture
2.2.9. Satellite imagery.
2.2.10. Drone and other aerial imagery
2.2.11. Farming software and online data
2.2.12. Merging datasets.
2.2.13. AutoTrac™ Hands-free Steering
3. INFORMATION
3.1. PAST
3.1.1. Pre Mechanical Age (between 3000 B.C. and 1450 A.D.).
3.1.1.1. tell a story
3.1.1.2. using simple picture drawings
3.1.1.3. petroglyphs
3.1.1.4. cuniform
3.1.1.5. signs
3.1.1.6. The numbering systems and the abacus, the first calculator, were also invented during this period
3.1.1.7. clay tablets
3.1.1.8. scrolls
3.1.2. Mechanical Age (between 1450 and 1840)
3.1.2.1. The slide rule (1600s)- an analog computer that allowed users to multiply and divide.
3.1.2.2. The Pascaline (around 1642) – a mechanical computer that allowed users to add, subtract, multiply and divide two numbers.
3.1.2.3. The Leibniz’s machine (1670s) – a machine that was an improvement of the Pascaline that included additional components that made it easier for users to multiply and divide
3.1.2.4. The difference engine (1820s) – a machine creation that could calculate numbers and print the results.
3.1.3. Electromechanical Age (between 1840 and 1940)
3.1.3.1. printing press
3.1.3.2. voltaic battery
3.1.3.3. Morse Code
3.1.3.4. breaking down the alphabet into dots and dashes,
3.1.3.5. 1843 – Typewriter invented by Charles Thurber
3.1.3.6. 1877 – Microphone invented by Emile Berliner
3.1.3.7. 1888 – Hertz produces radio waves
3.1.4. Electronic Age
3.1.4.1. The First Generation (roughly from 1940-1956)
3.1.4.2. The Second Generation (roughly from 1956-1963)
3.1.4.3. The Third Generation (roughly from 1964-1971)
3.1.4.4. The Fourth Generation (roughly from 1971-Present)
3.1.4.5. The Fifth Generation (Present to Future)
3.1.4.6. 1963 – Computer mouse invented by Douglas Engelbart
3.1.4.7. 1967 – Hypertext software invented by Andries Van Dam and Ted Nelson
3.1.4.8. 1971 – E-mail invented by Ray Tomlinson – Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) invented by James Fergason – Floppy Disk invented by David Noble – First commercially available microprocessor, the Intel 4004 is invented
3.2. PRESENT
3.2.1. Artificial intelligence
3.2.2. Databases
3.2.3. Web design
3.2.4. Software design methodologies
3.2.5. Systems analysis
3.2.6. Human-computer interaction
3.2.7. 2000 – Microsoft develop the first tablet computer
3.2.8. 2001 – Digital Satellite Radio – Apple releases the iPod
3.2.9. 2003 – WordPress, an open source website content management system is launched by Mike Little and Matt Mullenweg – LinkedIn is established
3.2.10. 2004 – Emergence of Web 2.0 – Humans move away from consumers of internet material to active participation – Facebook established by Mark Zuckerberg
3.2.11. 2005 – USB Flashdrives replace floppy disks – Google Analytics established – YouTube is launched as a video platform
3.2.12. 2012 – Quad-core smartphones and tablets are releases, offering faster processing power
3.2.13. 2015 – Apple releases the Apple Watch 2016 – Supercomputers reach 100 petaflops – Mobile devices overtake wired devices as a means of using the internet 2017 – 10 nanometre chips enter service
4. ROBOTIC
4.1. Agriculture •Automobile •Construction •Entertainment •Health care: hospitals, patient-care, surgery , research, etc. •Laboratories: science, engineering , etc. •Law enforcement: surveillance, patrol, etc. •Manufacturing •Military: demining, surveillance, attack, etc. •Mining, excavation, and exploration •Transportation: air, ground, rail, space, etc. •Utilities: gas, water, and electric •Warehouses
4.1.1. PAST
4.1.1.1. Word robot was coined by a Czech novelist Karel Capek in a 1920 play titled Rassum’s Universal Robots (RUR)
4.1.1.2. manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks: Robot Institute of America, 1979
4.1.1.3. Manipulator
4.1.1.4. Legged Robot
4.1.1.5. Wheeled Robot
4.1.1.6. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
4.1.1.7. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
4.1.1.8. Welding Robot
4.1.1.9. The SCRUBMATE Robot
4.1.1.10. 1978: The Puma (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robot is developed by Unimation with a General Motors design support
4.1.2. PRESENT
4.1.2.1. 2003: NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers will launch toward Mars in search of answers about the history of water on Mars
4.1.2.2. Sensors
4.1.2.3. Accelerometer Using Piezoelectric Effect
4.1.2.4. pick bins, perform inspection
4.1.2.5. parts fitting and insertion, force feedback in robotic surgery
4.1.2.6. Infrared Ranging Sensor
4.1.2.7. KOALA ROBOT
4.1.2.8. Planar Bipedal Robot
4.1.2.9. Hydraulic Motor
4.1.2.10. Pneumatic Cylinder
4.1.2.11. Servo Motor
4.1.2.12. Material handling
4.1.2.13. NASA Space Station
4.1.2.14. TROV in Antarctica operating under water
4.1.2.15. Robotic assistant for micro surgery
4.1.2.16. SPLIT STRIKE: Deployed from a sub’s hull, Manta could dispatch tiny mine-seeking AUVs or engage in more explosive combat.
4.1.2.17. Sony SDR-3X Entertainment Robot
4.1.3. FUTURE
4.1.3.1. Artificial Intelligence
4.1.3.1.1. Cog
4.1.3.1.2. Kismet
4.1.3.2. Robot Work Crews
4.1.3.3. Garbage Collection Cart
4.1.3.4. HONDA Humanoid Robot
4.1.3.5. Robotics @ MPCRL: 4-Legged Hexapod
4.1.3.6. Robotics @ MPCRL: Hexapod for Disaster Recovery
4.1.3.7. Robotics @ MPCRL: Hexapod for Disaster Recovery
4.1.3.8. Robotics @ MPCRL: Automated Distinguisher
5. COMMUNICATION
5.1. PAST
5.1.1. Telegraph – 1792 – Claude Chappe
5.1.2. Morse code – 1836 – Samuel Morse
5.1.3. Fax Machine – 1843
5.1.4. Electric Telephone – 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson
5.1.5. Phonograph – 1877 – Thomas Edison
5.1.6. Radio – 1920
5.1.7. TV – 1925 – John Bairde
5.1.8. Computer Telephone Line Switchboard System – 1971 – Erna Hoover
5.1.9. Personal Computers – 1976
5.1.10. Mobile Phone – 1981 – Nordic
5.1.11. World Wide Web – 1989 – Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau
5.2. PRESENT
5.2.1. Skype – 2003
5.2.2. Facebook – 2004
5.2.3. YouTube – 2005
5.2.4. Twitter – 2006
5.2.5. iPhone – 2007
5.2.6. Whatsapp – 2009
5.2.7. Instagram – 2010
5.2.8. Chatnels – 2020
6. CONSTRUCTION
6.1. PAST
6.1.1. Man using a hand axe
6.1.2. Various bone tools
6.1.3. A stone drill
6.1.4. Primitive building: the Stone Age
6.1.5. Bronze Age and early urban cultures
6.1.6. Stone construction in Egypt
6.1.7. Greek and Hellenistic cultures
6.1.8. The Etruscans also had a highly developed terra-cotta technology
6.1.9. Great Pyramid of Giza, the tallest building in the world for over 3800 years
6.1.10. Reconstructed Roman treadwheel crane at Bonn, Germany
6.1.11. Workers transport a large stone on an ox-drawn sledge for the construction of a church. A sculpture from the 10th-century Korogho church in Georgia.
6.1.12. Pieter Bruegel the Elder's Tower of Babel, illustrating construction techniques of the 16th century
6.1.13. Church in Kizhi, Russia is listed as a UNESCO world heritage site as a building constructed entirely out of wood, in the log building technique
6.2. PRESENT
6.2.1. Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building, was finished in 2010.
6.2.2. Cement – Construction Materials
6.2.3. Structural Steel
6.2.4. Reinforcement Steel
6.2.5. Aggregate – Construction Materials
6.2.6. River sand or Natural sand as a Construction Materials
6.2.7. Concrete
6.2.8. Ready-mix concrete
6.2.9. Bricks
6.2.10. Blocks
6.2.11. Masonry
7. EDUCATION
7.1. PAST
7.1.1. Fountain pens
7.1.2. Pencils
7.1.3. Markers
7.1.4. Chalk boards and erasers
7.1.5. 3-ring binders
7.1.6. Folders
7.1.7. Physical filing cabinets
7.1.8. Early computers
7.2. PRESENT
7.2.1. internet connection
7.2.2. Modern computers
7.2.3. Electronic files and storage
7.2.4. Computer networks
7.2.5. Major role of the Internet
7.2.6. Major role of email
7.2.7. The Cloud
7.2.8. Smart boards
7.2.9. Teleconferencing
7.2.10. Unified communications
7.2.11. Mobile devices and tablets
8. SPACE
8.1. PAST
8.1.1. In the 1930s and 1940s, Nazi Germany saw the possibilities of using long-distance rockets as weapons.
8.1.2. Late in World War II, London was attacked by 200-mile-range V-2 missiles,
8.1.3. On Oct. 4, 1957, the Soviets launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1
8.1.4. Four years later on April 12, 1961, Russian Lt. Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit Earth in Vostok 1
8.1.5. Apollo 12 launches for second moon landing Nov. 14, 1969.
8.1.6. On July 20, 1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong took “one giant leap for mankind”
8.1.7. Skylab, America’s first space station, was a human-spaceflight highlight of the 1970s
8.2. PRESENT
8.2.1. first landing on the Moon's far side-Chang'e 4
8.2.2. farthest object (2014 MU69) explored by a spacecraft
8.2.3. first rocket stage to return to its launch site
8.2.4. first spacecraft to fly by Pluto
8.2.5. first spacecraft to orbit a dwarf planet (Ceres)
8.2.6. first spacecraft to orbit Mercury
8.3. FUTURE
8.3.1. NASA is on a journey to Mars, with a goal of sending humans to the Red Planet in the 2030s.
9. ENTERTAINMENT
9.1. PAST
9.1.1. Befor 1600
9.1.1.1. 2700 BC Magic Show
9.1.1.2. 300 BC gladiators
9.1.1.3. 400 BC Theatre plays
9.1.1.4. 478-1443 BC Medieval Entertainment
9.1.1.5. 1550 Outdoor Entertainment
9.1.2. 1600-1700
9.1.2.1. 1600 Busking
9.1.2.2. 1672 Live Concert
9.1.2.3. 1768 Circuse
9.1.3. 1800
9.1.3.1. 1800 Experimental Theatere
9.1.3.2. 1817 Roller Coaster
9.1.3.3. 1857 First Broadway Performance
9.1.3.4. 1896 The Arrival Of Train Movie
9.1.4. 1900
9.1.4.1. 1920 Radio Station
9.1.4.2. 1927 Sound In Movie
9.1.4.3. 1928 TV in U.S.A
9.1.4.4. 1951 Color TV
9.1.4.5. 1960 All Talk Radio
9.1.4.6. 1975 Atari Pong
9.1.4.7. 1994 PS1
9.2. PRESENT
9.2.1. 2000
9.2.1.1. 2005 You Tube
9.2.1.2. 2006 Wll
9.2.1.3. 2009 IMAX 3D
9.2.1.4. 2017 Nintendo Switch