1. Risk Factors
1.1. Viral Factors
1.1.1. Fecal-oral route
1.1.2. Bodily fluids: Blood, Semen, Vaginal Fluid, Saliva etc.
1.1.3. Food/Unsafe water
1.1.4. Animals
1.1.5. Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Hepatitis D virus (HDV).
1.2. Other factors
1.2.1. Recreational Drugs
1.2.2. Alcohol
2. Prevention
2.1. Vaccines for HAV, HBV
2.2. Practice safe sex
2.3. Avoid sharing needles
2.4. Know partners sexual history
2.5. Practice good personal hygiene
3. Signs and Symptoms
3.1. Fatigue
3.2. Sudden nausea and vomitting
3.3. Abdominal pain/discomfort
3.4. Muscle and joint pain
3.5. Malaise
3.6. Dark Urine
3.7. Jaundice
3.8. Bleeding/Bruising
3.9. Lack of Appetite
4. Pertinent labs
4.1. Total Bilirubin count
4.2. Albumin levels
4.3. Prothrombin time (PT
4.4. Liver biopsies
4.5. Viral Serologies
5. Treatments
5.1. HAV
5.1.1. Bed rest, since its acute
5.1.2. HAV vaccine is available
5.1.3. Hydration and Nutrition due to diarrhea and vomitting
5.2. HBV
5.2.1. Acute phase
5.2.1.1. No specific treatment
5.2.2. Chronic phase
5.2.2.1. Antiviral medications
5.2.2.2. HBV vaccination is available and is best for prevention
5.3. HCV
5.3.1. Antiviral medications for Acute and Chronic
5.3.2. No vaccination available
5.3.3. Liver cirrhosis = Liver transplant
5.4. HDV
5.4.1. No medication available
5.4.2. Administer HBV vaccine to prevent Hep D from occuring, since it requires Hep B.
5.4.3. Alpha Interferon may work
5.5. HEV
5.5.1. No medications/therapies available
5.5.2. Acute = usually resolves on its own
5.5.3. Rest, consume plenty of fluids/nutrients, No Alcohol
6. Pathophysiology
6.1. Several different Routes of transmission
6.2. Triggered by microorganisms
6.2.1. Epstein-Barr virus
6.2.2. Cytomegalovirus
6.2.3. Herpes Simplex virus
6.3. Enter bloodstream - travek to liver
6.4. Attack hepatocytes
6.5. Change Antigen structure
6.6. Self-mediated immune response
6.6.1. Damage hepatocytes