1. Non-Renewables
1.1. Fossil Fuel
1.1.1. Coal: Is from fossilized plants, Mined from seams of coal, Burned to provide heat and energy.
1.1.1.1. Advantage
1.1.1.1.1. Easy to transport as a solid
1.1.1.1.2. Up to 250 years of coal left
1.1.1.2. Dis advantage
1.1.1.2.1. Cannot be replaced once used
1.1.1.2.2. Some coals contain up to 10% sulphur.
1.1.2. Oil: Is fossilized from plants, Extracted from oil wells, Burned oil is used to run the worlds economy.
1.1.2.1. Advantage
1.1.2.1.1. High heat combustion, many use
1.1.2.1.2. Is cheap to mine and convert into energy
1.1.2.2. Disadvantage
1.1.2.2.1. Only a limited supply
1.1.2.2.2. Gives off carbon dioxide when burned
1.1.3. Natural Gas: Methane gas is trapped between seams of rocks, Extracted by drilling, Used in homes for heat and cooking.
1.1.3.1. Advantage
1.1.3.1.1. Lot of energy gained
1.1.3.1.2. Cleaner fuel than coal and oil
1.1.3.2. Disadvantage
1.1.3.2.1. A limited supply
1.1.3.2.2. Gives off carbon dioxide
1.2. Nuclear Fission- Uranium is a raw material, Uranium is mined, Canada exports the most.
1.2.1. Advantage
1.2.1.1. It is cheap
1.2.1.2. No carbon dioxide or other pollutants
1.2.2. Disadvantage
1.2.2.1. Extraction costs high
1.2.2.2. Accidents are rare but are bad when happens
2. Renewables
2.1. Solar
2.1.1. light
2.1.1.1. Voltaic
2.1.1.1.1. Conversion of solar radiation into electricity via chemical energy
2.1.2. Heat
2.1.2.1. passive
2.1.2.1.1. Using buildings or panels to capture and store heat
2.1.2.2. concentrated
2.1.2.2.1. Mirrors are used to focus solar energy to one point
2.2. Wind- Wind turbines turn wind into energy
2.2.1. Advantages
2.2.1.1. Clean energy supply once turbines made
2.2.1.2. Little maintenance required
2.2.2. Disadvantage
2.2.2.1. Need wind to blow
2.2.2.2. Often windy sites is not near populated populated areas
2.3. Water
2.3.1. Wave- The movement of the sea water
2.3.1.1. Advantage
2.3.1.1.1. Should be ideal for an island country
2.3.1.1.2. These are more likely to be small local operations
2.3.1.2. Disadvantage
2.3.1.2.1. Construction can be costly
2.3.1.2.2. Storm may damage them
2.3.2. Tidal- The movement of the sea water in and out drives turbines, A kind of dam, Future underwater turbines may be possible.
2.3.2.1. Advantage
2.3.2.1.1. Should be ideal for an island country
2.3.2.1.2. Potential to generate a lot of energy this way
2.3.2.2. Disadvantage
2.3.2.2.1. Construction of barrage is very costly
2.3.3. Hydroelectric
2.4. Geothermal - Possible to use heat under the earth in volcanic regions, Cold water is pumped into the earth to make steam, Steam can be used for heating.
2.4.1. Advantage
2.4.1.1. Potentially infinite energy supply
2.4.1.2. Is used successfully in countries, such as New Zealand
2.4.2. Disadvantage
2.4.2.1. Can be expensive to set up
2.4.2.2. Only works in areas of volcanic activity
2.5. Living Material
2.5.1. Wood
2.5.1.1. Felling or coppicing trees and burned to generate heat and light
2.5.1.1.1. Advantage
2.5.1.1.2. Disadvantage
2.5.2. Biomass
2.5.2.1. Decaying organic plant or animal waste is used to produce methane in biogas generators
2.5.2.1.1. Advantage
2.5.2.1.2. Disadvantage