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TENSES 作者: Mind Map: TENSES

1. Be going to

1.1. Affirmative

1.1.1. Subject + be + going + infinitive

1.2. Negative

1.2.1. Subject+ not + going to+ infinitive

1.3. Interrogative

1.3.1. Be+ subjet+ going to+ infitive

1.4. Usage

1.4.1. A planned action for the future

1.4.2. An action that is about to happen

1.5. Time expressions

1.5.1. this evening in an hour, soon, next moonth, in a few weeks year

2. Past

2.1. Continuos

2.1.1. Affirmative

2.1.1.1. Sub + was/were + infinitive+ ing +

2.1.2. Negative

2.1.2.1. Subject + was/were + not +infinitive+ ing + object.

2.1.3. Interrogative

2.1.3.1. Was/were + sub + not + infinitive+ ing+ object?

2.1.4. Usage

2.1.4.1. A completed action which took place before another action in the past

2.1.5. Time expressions:

2.1.5.1. Already, by the time, after, before, never just, until...

2.2. Simple

2.2.1. Affirmative

2.2.1.1. Subject + V2 + Object

2.2.2. Negative

2.2.2.1. Subject + didn’t + V1 + Object

2.2.3. Interrogative

2.2.3.1. Did + Subject + V1 + Object ?

2.2.4. Usage

2.2.4.1. A completed action in the past

2.2.4.2. A series of completed action in the past

2.2.5. Time expressions

2.2.5.1. yesterday, last week, to days ago, in the 90s...

2.3. Perfect simple

2.3.1. Affirmative

2.3.1.1. Subject + had + V3 + Object

2.3.2. Negative

2.3.2.1. Subject + had + not + Object

2.3.3. Interrogative

2.3.3.1. Had + Subject + V3 + Object ?

2.3.4. Usage

2.3.4.1. An incomplete action in the porogress a specific time in the pas

2.3.4.2. An incomplete action interrupted by another action

2.3.4.3. Two incomplete action in the progress at the same time in the

2.3.5. Time expressions:

2.3.5.1. Last night, week,year / when while as...

3. Present

3.1. Simple

3.1.1. Affirmative

3.1.1.1. Subject +verb (s/es) + object

3.1.2. Negative

3.1.2.1. Sub + Does /Do + not + V1 +Obj

3.1.3. Interrogative

3.1.3.1. Does / Do +Sub + V1 +Obj ?

3.1.4. Usage:

3.1.4.1. A regular habit or routine

3.1.4.2. A scientific fact

3.1.4.3. Stative verb

3.1.5. Time expressions:

3.1.5.1. Always, usually, generally, at night in the morning, once a month

3.2. Continuos

3.2.1. Affirmative

3.2.1.1. -sub + is/am/are + v1 + ing + object

3.2.2. Negative

3.2.2.1. sub + is/am/are + not + infinitive + ing + object

3.2.3. Interrogative

3.2.3.1. is/am/are + sub + infinitive+ ing + object ?

3.2.4. Usage:

3.2.4.1. An action which is happening now

3.2.4.2. A temporari action

3.2.4.3. A definite plan for the near future

3.2.5. Time expessions:

3.2.5.1. now, right now/ this year, at the present/ this evening, tomorrow...

3.3. Perfect simple

3.3.1. Affirmative

3.3.1.1. sub + has/have + v3 + object

3.3.2. Negative

3.3.2.1. sub + has/have + not + v3 + object

3.3.3. Interrogative

3.3.3.1. has/have + sub + v3 + object ?

3.3.4. Usage

3.3.4.1. An actions that began in the past and continues until the present

3.3.4.2. An action that took place at an undertermined time in the past but is connected to the present

3.3.5. Time expressions:

3.3.5.1. never, ever already, just, yet, for, since...

3.4. Perfect continuos

3.4.1. Affitmative

3.4.1.1. sub + has/have + been + infinitive + ing + object

3.4.2. Negative

3.4.2.1. sub + has/have + not been + infinitive + ing + object

3.4.3. Interrogative

3.4.3.1. has/have + sub + been + infinitive+ ing + object

3.4.4. Usage:

3.4.4.1. An action that started un the pas and which still continues in the present

3.4.4.2. An action who results are still apparent

3.4.5. Time expressions:

3.4.5.1. For a year, sincer 2010, all night, morning, day week..

4. Future

4.1. Simple

4.1.1. Affirmative

4.1.1.1. Subject + Will+ V1 + Object

4.1.2. Negative

4.1.2.1. Subject + Will + Not + V1 + Object

4.1.3. Interrogative

4.1.3.1. Will + Subject + V1 + Object

4.1.4. Usage

4.1.4.1. Prediction

4.1.4.2. Timetable

4.1.4.3. Spontaneous decision

4.1.5. Time expressions:

4.1.5.1. This evening, in an hour, in a few weeks, in the future, later...