1. 2-Non store retailing
1.1. shops use counter service, where goods are out of reach of buyers, and must be obtained from the seller.
1.1.1. This type of retail is common for small expensive e.g., jewelry) and controlled items like medicine
1.1.1.1. 1-Direct selling
1.1.1.1.1. It involves direct personal contact with the consumer by visiting at his home or place of work
1.1.1.2. 2-Direct response marketing
1.1.1.2.1. In this process, the customer is made aware of the products/ services offered through ,a non-personal medium like mail. Catalogues, phone, television or the internet
1.1.1.3. 3-Catalogue retailing
1.1.1.3.1. Eliminates personal selling and store operations. Here, the key is use of customer database to develop targeted catalogs that appeal to narrow target markets. It is convenient to both the seller as well as customer.
1.1.1.4. 4-Television shopping
1.1.1.4.1. The product is advertised giving details about the product features, price and other things on television. Phone number to contact of major cities are shown on the screen. Buyer can place the order by calling, and the product is delivered at home
2. 3-Service Retailing
2.1. products are ordered via mail, telephone or online without having been examined physically but instead in a catalog, on television or on a website.
2.1.1. For e.g.: online shops or virtual marketplaces such as Amazon, E.Bay, Alibaba, Olx.om
2.2. Retail banking, car rentals, service contracts are the examples of service retailing. The success largely depends upon differentiation, innovation, business process reengineering, micro planning, marketing, intelligent pricing, customization, technological upgradation, promptness, cost reduction, etc
3. 4-Automated Vending
3.1. The use of technology has provided this facility when the products are available to the customer round the clock and the person is not required to supply at the counter. Some routine products are made available through these machines where putting the specified coin will deliver the product
4. 5-The Cash and Carry
4.1. is a wholesale format that helps small retailers and businessmen. The customers do their own order picking, pay in cash and carry the merchandise with them. It offers a wide assortment of goods thereby saving the time of the customer. The cash is some times replaced by a member card
4.1.1. For example - Metro is one of the largest distributor of food products world wide
5. Some shops sell second-hand goods. ln other cases, especially in the case of a non-profit shop, the public donates goods to the shop to be sold. In give-away shops goods can be taken for free.
5.1. There are also "consignment” shops, which are, where a person can place an item in a store, and if it sells the person gives the shop owner a percentage of the sale price
6. 1-Store based retailing
6.1. (1) Form of Ownership
6.1.1. This is the critical decision every retailer has to make, i.e., what should be the structure of the organization. This has long term implications and a number of factors needs to be considered while making this decision.
6.1.1.1. 1-Independent store
6.1.1.1.1. Independent store- When one owns and operates individually a retail store. He may seek support of his family members or friends without giving them ownership rights.
6.1.1.2. 2-Corporate chain stores
6.1.1.2.1. operate multiple stores. In this type of structure two or more outlets are under a common ownership. There is similarity in the merchandise offered to the customer in these stores
6.1.1.3. 3-Franchising
6.1.1.3.1. A Franchise is a contractual agreement between two parties where the one is franchiser and the other is franchisee
6.1.1.4. 4-Leased Departments
6.1.1.4.1. A leased department consists of space in a large retail store that is rented to an outside vendor. These are also termed as shop-in-shop
6.1.1.5. 5-Consumer Co-operatives
6.1.1.5.1. When few persons together forms a co-operative body to run a store that may be called Consumer Cooperative. This type of store may be small or quite large like other cooperative bodies. One gets products at a reasonable price since the profit is not the only objective of such stores
6.2. (2) Merchandise offered
6.2.1. 1-General Merchandise store
6.2.1.1. These stores offer various products to the customers and try to satisfy their customers in one store itself
6.2.2. 2-Departmental Store
6.2.2.1. A retail organization that carries a wide varieties of product lines-typically clothing, home furnishings and household goods; each line is operated as a separate department managed by specialist buyers or merchandisers
6.2.3. 3-Food oriented store
6.2.3.1. Food being most important item of daily consumption, food retailing assumed significance A variety of food products are made available. The specialty stores in food products are also available.
6.2.4. 4-SPECIALTY STORES
6.2.4.1. A store that carries a narrow product line with a deep assortment with in that line. Such stores keep one or a few limited products only.
6.2.5. 5-Convenience Store
6.2.5.1. As the name indicates these are the stores which are located in areas which is convenient to the customers. Not only location but their timings, availability of type of products, etc.
6.2.5.1.1. For e.g.: bread, milk, grocery
6.2.6. 6-Super Market
6.2.6.1. A retail market that sells foods, convenience goods, and household merchandise arranged in open mass display
6.2.6.1.1. It is large, low-cost, low-margin, high-volume, self service store that carries a wide variety of food, laundry and household products.
6.3. (3) Pricing
6.3.1. 1-Discount Stores
6.3.1.1. Stores-A retail institution that sells standard merchandise at lower margins and selling at higher volume.
6.3.2. 2-Factory Outlets
6.3.2.1. The manufacturer himself opens a retail shop in certain areas and sell at a lower price to the customers. Factory outlets do not contain A grade merchandise, they provide 20-30% discount.
6.3.3. 3-Off price Retailing
6.3.3.1. is owned and operated by a manufacturer and manufacturers' surplus, discontinued, or irregular goods are sold
6.3.4. 4-Category killers
6.3.4.1. It is a specialty retailer which offers a very large selection in the chosen product category at an economical prices.
6.3.4.1.1. They focus on one category having deep stock
6.3.5. 5-Price clubs
6.3.5.1. cash and carry): They are also known as Warehouse clubs and Stores. Such stores are developed to satisfy such customers who want low prices every day and willing to give up service needs
6.3.5.1.1. In price clubs one has to pay a membership fee. These store keep limited assortment of goods
6.3.6. 6-Hypermarket
6.3.6.1. The word hypermarket is derived from the French word hypermarche, which is a combination of a supermarket and a department store. Hypermarket is a combination of EDLP and discounters
6.3.7. 7-Mall
6.3.7.1. is not a store: it is enclosed, organized managed market space. Every mall has an anchor, which is a famous store which draws crowd to the mall.
6.3.8. 8-Shopping Center
6.3.8.1. community probably has many shopping centers in various sizes. Some shopping centers may have as few as 3 units or as many as 20 stores.
6.3.9. 9-Downtown Area
6.3.9.1. Like the mall, this type of store location may be another premium choice
6.3.9.1.1. However, there may be more freedom and fewer rules for the business owner. Many communities are hard at work to review their downtown areas and retailers can greatly benefit from this effort. However, the lack of parking is generally a big issue for downtown retailers
6.3.10. 10-Free Standing Locations
6.3.10.1. is basically any stand-alone building. It can be tucked away in a neighborhood location or right off a busy highway
6.3.11. 11-Office Building
6.3.11.1. The business park or office building may be another option for a retailer, especially when they cater to other businesses. Tenants share maintenance costs and the image of the building is usually upscale and professional.
6.3.12. 12-Home-based
6.3.12.1. More and more retail businesses are getting a start at home. Some may eventually move to a commercial store location, while many remain in the business owner's spare room