1. Listening 1: Changing Ways to Climb the Ladder
1.1. Nontraditional path
1.1.1. Promote many steps
1.1.2. Start at a small company
1.1.3. Change company (same or higher position)
1.1.4. Promise of a quick promotion and better pay; don't often take care of the retired
1.1.5. Become very common in North America
1.2. Traditional path
1.2.1. Promote one step at a time
1.2.2. Start at a large company
1.2.3. Stay at the same company
1.2.4. Pay pension
1.2.5. Commonly seen in traditional family-structure cultures. (Asia)
1.2.5.1. **Men** devote a lot time to work
1.2.5.2. **Women** stay at home with the family
1.3. Traditional path -> Nontraditional path
1.3.1. Change the traditional family structure
1.3.1.1. **Women** are a major part of the workforce
1.3.1.2. **Men** spend more time with children
1.3.2. Change economic
1.3.2.1. Workers cannot recieve money from company after they turn sixty-five and retire.
2. climb the ladder
3. Listening 2: Life Experience Before College
3.1. Taking a gap year
3.1.1. Popularity
3.1.1.1. **Britain:** known as the “Gap Year,”
3.1.1.2. **Australia:** called a “Walkabout.”
3.1.1.3. **America:** less common but is increasing
3.1.2. Example individuals
3.1.2.1. Antonia House:
3.1.2.1.1. Spent a summer in France-> interested in international relations
3.1.2.1.2. Plans to travel after graduation
3.1.2.2. Trudee Goodman:
3.1.2.2.1. Joined a community service in Boston -> gained experiences to fill in résumé
3.1.2.2.2. Works as elementary school teacher now
3.1.3. Benefits
3.1.3.1. Survey of 350 students
3.1.3.1.1. 55% have good grades
3.1.3.1.2. 57% have well job search
3.1.3.2. Opinions:
3.1.3.2.1. **College admissions:** improve student’s performance in school
3.1.3.2.2. **Antonia:** Chance to discover and fulfill own passion
3.1.3.2.3. **Trudee:** More real-life experiences than peers ; Beneficial for resume
3.1.4. Challenges
3.1.4.1. Convince parents
3.1.4.2. Make arrangements ahead of time
3.1.4.3. Required to be more efficient and valuable than the school year.