INTERNATIONAL TRADE BARRIERS

1. Non-tariff

1.1. Administrative barriers

1.1.1. Bureaucratic rules

1.2. Technical barriers

1.2.1. Standardization

1.2.2. Certification

1.2.3. Approval

1.3. Environmental and phytosanitary barriers

1.3.1. Environmental

1.3.1.1. Waste management

1.3.1.2. Recyclable and reusable packaging

1.3.1.3. Non-use of polluting components

1.3.2. Phytosanitary

1.3.2.1. VETER certificate

1.3.2.2. Sanitary certificate for the export of food products

1.3.2.3. Measures to protect against harmful organisms on plants

1.3.2.4. SOIVRE certificate

1.4. Quantitative barriers

1.4.1. Quotas

1.4.2. Safeguard measures

1.4.3. Commercial regimes

1.4.4. Voluntary Export Restraint Agreements (VER)

2. Government practises

2.1. Commercial support

2.2. Financial support

2.3. Exchange control

2.4. Tax allowances

2.5. Anti-dumping duties

2.5.1. Dumping

2.5.2. Ecological dumping

2.5.3. Social dumping

3. Tariff (fiscal barriers)

3.1. Tariff

3.1.1. Ad valorem

3.1.2. Specific

3.1.3. Mixed

3.1.4. Compound

3.2. Excise duties

3.3. VAT