CPU, Hardware and Processing
作者：OWEN COLHOUN
1. cloud storage
1.1. examples are icload dropbox box
2. file size
2.1. 1b single keystroke/number from 0-255 1k a short email 30kb a basic web page 500kb a word processed document or pdf 1mb on minute of audio when stored as mp3 format 5mb an image shot on a high resolution camera Different types of data can create files that vary in size In general text based files are relatively small but audio and video files are much larger
3. storage
3.1. solid state
3.1.1. is a flash memory type and is the same as a hard drive
3.2. optical
3.2.1. allows you to watch movies listen to music because it can read cds dvd and blu ray
3.3. magnetic
3.3.1. is a device that writes rewrites and access data through magnets examples of these are flobby discs zip discs hard discs
3.4. cloud storage
3.4.1. where your data can be storef with only having one way of lossing it that way is forgettting your password or username
4. busses
4.1. 1address bus When data is saved or loaded form memory the address at which it is to be stored or loaded from must be sent the storage address of the data travels along an address bus address bus is unidirectional 2 data bus data will then need to be moved between serval parts of a computer the data bus is undirectional 3control bus the control bus is used to send signals by using a controller
5. cpu
5.1. The CPU is the main component on a computer for processing data and instructions (the computing equivalent of the human brain)
6. clock speeds
7. Sound cards
7.1. Sound cards may be on the motherboard or designed to fit a pcl slot They enable the computer to Output sound through speakers Record sound form a microphone manipulate sound store on a disc Sound card convert analogue input singles into digita; data and revverse this process fpr audio output
8. Graphics processor unit gpu
8.1. A gpu is a microprocessor that preforms that calculations needed to produce graphic images on screen An integrated gpu uses computers ram An intergrated unit is cheaper than installing a dedicated gpu it generates less heat and uses less power They are perfect for general graphics processing such as watching or editing videos or word proccessing Dedicated gpu has its own video memory Dedicated cards provide the best casual experience and are used by people suc as professional graphic designers and serious gamers But they use more power and require a better cooling system
9. motherboard
9.1. The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer the cpu and rom will be mounted on the motherboard which also provides Ram expansion slots Usb ports Pcl slots for expansion cards Contolltrolllers for devvixa such as hard drive
10. Storage technologies
10.1. Storage media can be categorized into different technologies these include Optical magnetic solid state cloud storage
11. embedded systems
11.1. Systems that are made up of hardware and software to carry out a specific set of tasks as chosen by the manufacturer.
12. general purpose
12.1. Computers with a variety of uses, the tasks are usually chosen by the end user.
13. Input Devices
13.1. Used to enter data into a computer system
13.2. Could be manual or automatic
13.2.1. Manual - peripheral devices e.g. keyboard
13.2.2. Automatic - senors e.g. light sensor
14. Storage
14.1. Main Memory
14.2. Secondary Storage
14.2.1. flash memory such as usb sticks
14.2.1.1. optical memory such as dvd cd and blu ray
14.2.1.1.1. magnetical memory such as hard drives
14.3. primary storage
15. Registers
15.1. registers are all data holds on the bottom of Fast access temporary data or Control Information storage. Small block of memory found on the CPU.
16. MAR
16.1. Memory Address Register
17. pc
17.1. program counter
18. mdr
18.1. Memory Data Register
19. cir
19.1. Current Instruction Register
20. cache
20.1. Memory in the CPU. Usually really small. Used to store the most frequently used data and instruction
21. FDE CYCLE
21.1. The Fetch, Decode, Execute Cycle.
22. Output Devices
22.1. Used to output information from a computer system
22.1.1. examples are a moniter a tv