1. Elements
1.1. Definition: Elements are basic building blocks of living and non-living matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods.
1.2. E.g. Copper, Carbon, Aluminium…
2. Compounds
2.1. Definition: Compounds consists of two or more elements that are chemically combined together.
2.2. E.g. Table salt, Sugar, Chalk…
2.3. Properties
2.3.1. Compounds to not have the same properties as they constituent elements.
2.3.2. The constituent elements of a compound are always chemically combined in a fixed proportion by mass.
2.3.3. A compound cannot be broken down by physical methods.
3. Mixtures
3.1. Definition: Mixtures are made up of two or more elements and/or compounds that are not chemically combined together.
3.2. E.g. (Made up of only ELEMENTS) Steel, Pewter
3.3. E.g. (Made up of only COMPOUNDS) Concrete, Salt solution, Coffee
3.4. E.g. (Made up of ELEMENTS and COMPOUNDS) Fuel, Milk, Seawater
3.5. Properties
3.5.1. Mixtures have same properties as its constituents.
3.5.2. The constituents of mixtures do not have fixed proportion.
3.5.3. A mixture can be separated by physical methods.
3.6. Solution vs. Suspension
3.6.1. Solutions
3.6.1.1. Definition: A solution is a mixture in which one substance dissolves completely in another substance.
3.6.1.2. Contains substance that can be dissolve (SOLUBLE)
3.6.1.3. Solutes vs. Solvents
3.6.1.3.1. Solutes
3.6.1.3.2. Solvents
3.6.1.4. Properties
3.6.1.4.1. Solute particles can no longer be seen.
3.6.1.4.2. Light will be able to pass through it.
3.6.1.5. Dilute vs. Concentrated
3.6.1.5.1. Dilute
3.6.1.5.2. Concentrated
3.6.1.6. Rate of Dissolving
3.6.1.6.1. Definition: How quickly a solute dissolves in a solvent.
3.6.1.6.2. Factors
3.6.1.7. Solubility
3.6.1.7.1. Definition: How well the amount of the solute dissolves in a fixed volume of a particular solvent.
3.6.1.7.2. Factors
3.6.2. Suspensions
3.6.2.1. Definition: A suspension is a mixture that contains insoluble substances in a solvent.
3.6.2.2. Contains substances that cannot dissolve (INSOLUBLE)
3.6.2.3. Properties
3.6.2.3.1. If left in disturbed, insoluble substances can settle to the bottom.
3.6.2.3.2. Light cannot pass through it fully.
3.6.2.3.3. Insoluble substances can be removed by filtration.