1. How would should close members help the person cope with claustrophobia?
1.1. http://www.officer.com/article/10694138/claustrophobia-are-you-a-victim?page=2 Perspective #1
1.1.1. ABCD Evaluation A. Pamela Kulbarsh - Psychiatric doctor for over 25 years B. This source's purpose is to inform - No advertisements - Professional - Only has links in the site. - Yes it is balanced C. Yes it answers this question. - The facts do not seem inconsistent with others. D. April 12, 2012 - not too old
1.1.1.1. Kulbarsh, Pamela. "Claustrophobia: Are You A Victim?" Officer.com. 2014 Cygnus Business Media, 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 09 May 2014.
1.1.1.1.1. Notes: - You need to first ask what might be causing the attack. - If person is currently being treated for an anxiety disorder then the medication would be helpful here. - Refrain from phrases like "It's all in your head" or "Everything is fine" this makes the person feel isolated and could worsen the attack. Try to have empathy. - Stay by the person and have them sit down. - If it is not anything physically harming to the person then a trip to the hospital would not be advised.
1.2. Perspective #2 http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/helping-someone-during-a-panic-attack-topic-overview
1.2.1. A. Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine - credible website B. To inform - Advertisements are limited and/or relate to website. C. Answers this question (panic attack) D. 9-7-12 - not too old and links still work
1.2.1.1. Healthwise Staff. "Helping Someone During a Panic Attack-Topic Overview." WebMD. WebMD, 03 Jan. 0000. Web. 09 May 2014.
1.2.1.1.1. Notes: (Leaving out what was said above) - Find a quiet place - Don't make assumptions, ask. - Make sentences simple. - Be predictable (no surprises) - Help the person focus by doing simple tasks over and over again. - Help the person breath by breathing with them. - quote -"You can get through this." "I am proud of you. Good job." "Tell me what you need now." "Concentrate on your breathing. Stay in the present." "It's not the place that is bothering you; it's the thought." "What you are feeling is scary, but it is not dangerous." THOUGHT! This above quote talks about things that you should say but some of these are close to what the website above said to avoid… Things to continually help not during an attack - Let the person go through therapy at their own pace. - Be patient and congratulate them on their progress even if they are not making their goals. - Do NOT agree to help the person avoid places or situations that cause anxiety. - Do not panic when they panic. (unless you are about to die or something in that nature) - Remember it is alright to feel anxious yourself. - Accept the situation and remember it won't last forever.
2. How are suffocation and entrapment related?
2.1. Closed spaces http://phobias.about.com/od/phobiasatoh/a/Cleithrophobia.htm
2.1.1. A. Lisa Fritscher - degree in this field B. To inform - some ads C. Gives info on the side of entrapped - anticipatory anxiety D. January 07, 2013
2.1.1.1. Fritscher, Lisa. "Cleithrophobia - Understanding the Fear of Being Trapped." About.com Phobias. 2014 About.com, 07 Jan. 2013. Web. 09 May 2014.
2.1.1.1.1. Notes: - Cleithrophobia, the fear of being trapped. - There is a difference between Cleithrophobia and Claustrophobia. - If you are Cleithrophobic then you are scared of being trapped in a small space but are not afraid if you can enter and exit at free will. - Claustrophobia is afraid of going into the space in the first place. - Both phobias cause anticipatory anxiety.
2.2. Perspective #2 http://www.science20.com/science_paradise/scientists_discover_why_suffocation_causes_fear-62050
2.2.1. A. Christie Wilcox - science blogger and PhD student in the CMB program at the University of Hawaii B. To inform - spots for ads C. covers one side of info D. 11-25-09 not too old
2.2.1.1. Wilcox, Christie. "Scientists Discover Why Suffocation Causes Fear." Scientists Discover Why Suffocation Causes Fear. 2014 ION Publications LLC, 25 Nov. 2009. Web. 09 May 2014
2.2.1.1.1. Notes: - Increases in CO2 can cause fear. - amygdala = fear center and produces fear. - scientists are looking into a protein in the amygdala that is produced at a high amount, an acid-sensing ion channel called ASIC1a. - Scientists believe this is essential in the fear factor, "For example, mice whose gene for ASIC1a has been removed don't freeze in place, a common indicator of mouse fear, when exposed to fearful conditions."
3. How does the virtual reality affect the claustrophobics in an MRI?
3.1. http://www.ejgh.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=672&Itemid=132
3.1.1. A. Katie Kidder Crosbie - part of a hospital B. To inform - no ads C. this covers how a VR works D. January 09, 2013 - Not too old
3.1.1.1. Crosbie, Katie K. "Tunnel Vision." Tunnel Vision: Virtual Reality Goggles Create a Pleasant Experience for Patients Undergoing MRI. East Jefferson General Hospital, 09 Jan. 2013. Web. 13 May 2014.
3.1.1.1.1. Notes: - goggles on your face but projected as a 60-inch screen 5 feet away. - Shows movie or tv show of your choice. - head set cancels out MRI sounds.
3.2. Perspective #1 http://www.two-views.com/MRI/claustrophobia.html
3.2.1. ABCD A. Two Views of Open MRIs B. To inform - no advertisements - info is supported by many citations of other sources. C. It covers this question. - This provides key words that I can research later. D. No dates were given.
3.2.1.1. Two Views of Open MRIs. "Top 5 Ways to Relieve MRI Claustrophobia." Top 5 Ways to Relieve MRI Claustrophobia. 2009-2011 P. Griffith Creative, n.d. Web. 09 May 2014.
3.2.1.1.1. Notes: - Claustrophobia is common in MRI scans because patients are slid into a tube and must not move. In new open MRIs a patient can sit up or even stand. - Ways to help during MRI * Drugs if prescribed by a doctor can take off the edge for the length of the test but beware this is not a cure for the phobia. * Herbal remedies. Plants like Kava and Passionflower have been proved to reduce anxiety levels and have no side effects. * Open MRI machines like stated at top. * Relaxing techniques - control your breathing (count to 10) - Guided mental imager. Pick a soothing place and imagine every little detail about it. - Most places over headphones to listen to music. * Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) - "CBT is an approach that involves learning to control the thoughts that occur when confronted with the fear-inducing situation in such a way as to change the reaction." - professional help to change the way we think and act about stressful situations. - This includes gradual exposure of the fear. - Been shown to often be a solution for the long term.