1. UMN
1.1. Medial Tract
1.1.1. Control of posture and proximal movements
1.1.1.1. Reticulospinal tract
1.1.1.1.1. Facilitates bilateral postural and gross limb movements
1.1.1.1.2. Anticipatory postural adjustments
1.1.1.1.3. Head and neck reflexes response to auditory and visual input
1.1.1.2. M Vestibulospinal
1.1.1.2.1. Head movement and position to cervical and thoracic muscles
1.1.1.3. M corticospinal
1.1.1.3.1. From gravity input ipsilaterally to facilitate extensors and inhibit flexors for posture reactons
1.2. Lateral Tracts
1.2.1. Descrete control of actions
1.2.1.1. Rubrospinal
1.2.1.1.1. Muscles that extend wrist and fingers
1.2.1.2. L Corticospinal
1.2.1.2.1. Control Voluntary movement
1.2.1.2.2. Fractionated muscles
1.2.1.3. L Vestibuolospinal
1.2.1.3.1. Gravity info
1.2.1.3.2. facilitate LMN extensors
1.2.1.3.3. inhibit flexors
1.2.1.3.4. Respond to destabilization, BOS, Gravity
1.3. Non-specific
1.3.1. Ceruleospinal tract
1.3.1.1. Locus ceruleus
1.3.2. Raphespinal tract
1.3.2.1. Raphe
2. Spinal Cord
2.1. Reciptrocal inhibition
2.1.1. decreases antagonist
2.2. Prioprioceptive input
2.2.1. GTO's
2.2.1.1. Extrafusal
2.2.1.1.1. Alpha
2.2.2. Muscle Spindles
2.2.2.1. Intrafusal
2.2.2.1.1. Gamma
2.3. muscle synergies
2.4. Stepping pattern generators
2.4.1. Rhythmic output
2.4.2. activates flex/ext in LE
3. Motor Cortex
3.1. Precentral gyrus
3.2. Supplumentary motor
3.3. Premtor
3.3.1. Planning and executing motor plans
3.4. Frontal Eye fields
3.5. Broca's
3.6. Prefrontal
4. Cerebellum
4.1. Process sensory info
4.1.1. Proprioception
4.1.2. Vestibular
4.1.3. Visual
4.2. Function: assures smooth accurate movements, equilibrium, gross movements limbs, fine distal voluntary movements
4.3. Output: cerebellar cortex, thalamus, primary motor & premotor cortices
4.4. Input: primary and secondary motor cortex, brainstem motor nuclei, somatosensory and vestibular system
4.5. Loops
4.5.1. Vestibulocerebellum
4.5.1.1. Regulates posture and equilibrium reflex
4.5.2. Spinocerebellum
4.5.2.1. controls posture & gross limb mvmnt
4.5.3. Cerebrocerebellum
4.5.3.1. regulates highly skilled movements (lateral tracts)
5. Basil Ganglia
5.1. five structure
5.1.1. putamen
5.1.2. globus pallidus
5.1.3. caudate nucleus
5.1.4. subthalamic nucleus
5.1.5. substantia nigra
5.2. Four loops
5.2.1. motor loop/occuolomotor
5.2.1.1. Motor Cortex Premotor cortex
5.2.1.1.1. Globus pallidus & putamin
5.2.2. executive loop
5.2.2.1. Dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex
5.2.2.1.1. Head of Caudate & Globus pallidus
5.2.3. behavioral & control loop
5.2.3.1. Ventral/ Lateral Prefrontal & lateral orbital cortex
5.2.4. Limbic
5.2.4.1. medial orbital & prefrontal cortex
5.2.4.1.1. ventral stiatum & ventral pallidum