1. Languages
1.1. High level
1.1.1. Languages that must be translated into machine code before the computer can use it
1.2. Low level
1.2.1. Low level languages are which the computer understands directly
2. Declariative
2.1. Let’s the user describe the problem to be solved in terms of facts and rules.
2.2. Often used to solve logical problems
2.3. Consists of database and inference engine Use techniques like recursion and self-modifying code
3. Translation Software
3.1. Compiler
3.1.1. Translates the program into machine code in one go
3.1.2. Disadvantages Of A Compiler
3.1.2.1. Re translate every time you run Doesn’t help with errors
3.1.3. Advantages Of A Compiler
3.1.3.1. Once translated, the program can be run on any machine which understands that version of machine code It is run faster than a program which has to be translate every time
3.2. Interpreter
3.2.1. Translate code line by line and tells you if something is wrong as you write it, It can be used to test parts of the program while it is still getting written
3.2.2. Disadvantages of an Interpreter
3.2.2.1. You need both the interpreter and the source code every time you run the program Because it needs to be translated every time is it as run, the program runs much slower than a compiled program
4. Procedural
4.1. Lets the user define step by step methods of solving a problem
4.2. Are used to create programs with a definite start and end
4.3. Are often used to solve numerical problems Provide operators like: + - / * Use control languages like: For…next, IF…then, While…do Data structures: Real, integer, string and array
5. Object orieantated
5.1. • An object is a logical unit that contains both data (attributes) and the code manipulates it. • A class is a template which enables objects to be defined • The process is defining new objects from a class allowing code to be re-used called inheritance
6. Scripting Language
6.1. Sometimes called macro languages Often used as part of an application Are used to automate data processing using an applications package Similar in syntax to procedural languages
6.2. Are used to automate data processing using an applications package Similar in syntax to procedural languages Examples: Word basic, excel basic, PHP, JavaScript and VBScript
6.3. Text Editor
6.3.1. • Predicative typing – Predicts what words you are about to type in automatically • Search and replace – Looks for errors and replaces them • Highlight key words and documentations – Outlines key worlds and parts of a document to make it more readable • Indents code – Moves parts of the code to make it more readable
7. Control Structures
7.1. Sequence
7.1.1. Commands will be executed one after another
7.2. Selection
7.2.1. Execution depends on whether a condition is true or not
7.2.2. • IF then else – simple section • A number of conditions - Multiple selection
7.3. Iteration
7.3.1. A set number of commands is repeated a set number of times • Fixed loop – • Conditional Loop -