Factors influencing the growth of out of town centres

1. Changes in the retail industry

1.1. Growth of supermarkets and hypermarkets

1.1.1. Large car parks

1.1.2. Lower prices than independent stores

1.1.2.1. Tesco Express and Sainsbury's Local push the little corner shops out of business

1.2. Very competitive market

1.2.1. Out of town rents are cheaper

1.3. Online shopping

1.3.1. Clothes and food

1.4. Things people buy are changing

1.4.1. People buy in bulk in order to save money

1.4.1.1. Cosco

1.5. Ready made meals

1.6. Shopping centres near transport links

1.6.1. Trams, park and rides, busses, motorways, railways, trains

1.7. Combination of shops, resturants and entertainment in one area

1.7.1. Changes to the shopping experience

2. Social changes

2.1. Increased car ownership

2.1.1. Out of town shopping centres have hundreds of car parking spaces and are often near motorways for easy access

2.2. Shopping has become a family activity as big shopping centres contain several restaurants, cafes and entertainment facilities along with shops

2.3. People shop less frequently due to fridges and freezers

2.3.1. More people work so have less time to shop

2.3.2. Food can be stored for longer

2.3.3. Lots of people eat out more or have take-a-ways

3. Attitudes of planners and politicians

3.1. Changing attitudes

3.1.1. trying to encourage inner city shopping

3.2. Pros: - greater opportunity to shop without needing to go into the CBD - more job opportunities, especially for students and young mothers due to the amount of part time work now avaliable

3.3. Cons: - increased traffic in area which leads to more pollution, noise and people parking in residential areas = too reliant on cars - 24/7 shopping means there is continual movement of cars and lorries in the area - negative effect on public transport

4. Pull factors to out of town locations

4.1. Large car parks

4.2. Increased car ownership

4.3. No longer need to travel to the busy CBD

4.4. Variety of shops, restaurants and entertainment, it's a day out for the family

4.5. All inside so away from the weather

5. Push factors away from town centres

5.1. Have to shop around in CBD and the shops you want could be very far apart, whereas everything is close in a out of town centre

5.1.1. hypermarkets have everything in one building

5.2. Expensive car parking

5.3. City centres are often disjointed and not very attractive due to bad planning

5.4. Congestion