1. Types of Conflicts
1.1. Wars
1.1.1. fight between nations both losing soldiers and civilians
1.1.2. an example of a war is the War of 1812 where there were a lot of major battles
1.2. Rebellions
1.2.1. when citizens fight against the authorities in power
1.2.1.1. if successful, it is called a revolution
1.2.2. if successful, it is called a revolution
1.2.3. an example is when the two Canadas were angry and were not happy with their governments
1.3. Protests and Demostration
1.3.1. plans people use to show rudeness but some of them are peaceful
1.3.2. government use police to hold down the protesters and not harm them
1.4. Strikes
1.4.1. to demand better conditions that they need and organize a group of people
1.4.2. an example is when the printers in Toronto had a strike and organized the people
2. Long-Term Causes
2.1. The Undemocratic Government
2.1.1. voters elect their representatives but the representatives had little say and power in the system and there were some points about this system
2.1.1.1. Only to the legislative assembly, voters elected representatives
2.1.1.1.1. the lieutenant-governor told the representatives to the legislative council
2.1.2. Only to the legislative assembly, voters elected representatives
2.1.3. the lieutenant-governor told the representatives to the legislative council
2.2. The Government Elites
2.2.1. the government elites have a lot of power
2.2.2. called the Chateau Clique in Lower and Family Compact in Upper Canada
2.3. The Economic Decline
2.3.1. after Britain and France signed peace treaty, the economies gradually fell
2.3.2. the prices for agriculture fell
2.3.3. many farmers started to become bankrupt in the 1830s
2.4. The Decline of the Seigneurial System
2.4.1. seigneurs were jealous that the merchants had a good life
2.4.2. seigneurs raised the taxes and rent for habitants and had revenge
2.4.3. nothing that the Lower Canadian government could do
2.5. Transportation
2.5.1. people and companies built canals
2.5.1.1. this was for expanding the trade
2.5.2. canals for importing and exporting goods
3. The Rebellion of 1837
3.1. Upper Canada
3.1.1. Mackenzie and his followers were making their stand fighting against Bond Head's troops, and they were not strong enough
3.1.1.1. the fight was at Montgomery's Tavern in early December 1837
3.1.2. soon fled and panicked because too little troops on Mackenzie's side
3.2. Lower Canada
3.2.1. even though the rebels won in late November 1837, at Saint-Denis, the army came back strong
3.2.1.1. charged the rebellions' base camp at Saint-Charles and the government had won
3.2.2. rebels were outnumbered and did not have the power to defeat the British
3.2.2.1. tried to defend themselves at Saint-Eustanche in buildings then some were taken prisoners
3.2.2.1.1. were soon defeated in the places of Upper and Lower Canada
3.2.3. organized groups to go back and destroy the Canadas
3.2.3.1. created groups and many American people joined
4. Key Figures in the Rebellions
4.1. these important people were individuals that led the reforms and brave enough
4.2. Sir Francis Bond Head
4.2.1. used to be a soldier in the army for the British but finally worked as an engineer
4.2.2. was once was part of the government, representative of the Crown but his behavior changed
4.2.3. interfered in elections proved that he did not want to join the Reformers, after never held a position in government again
4.3. Louis-Joseph Papineau
4.3.1. played a role in the legislative assembly in 1809 and one of Lower Canada's favored people
4.3.2. British turned Papineau's idea down so he tried to get more support for reforming the system
4.3.3. The Russell Resolutions of 1837 turned the reformers head the opposite way and changed them by saying that peaceful means of change were useless
4.3.4. Papineau's supporters were soon forgiven so Papineau came in 1846
4.3.5. was the leader of the reform while carrying peace
4.4. William Lyon Mackenzie
4.4.1. worked the newspapers in Upper Canada and was born in Scotland
4.4.2. had a way with cruel words when describing his enemies
4.4.3. came back strong after losing the election by grouping a rebellion and to start a revolution
4.4.4. had little courage to stand up against government even though leading an illegal rebellion and wrote bad things about his enemies
5. The Aftermath of the Rebellions
5.1. Major Changes
5.1.1. wanted to choose their own representatives and put an end to the the positions in the government
5.1.2. put the ones elected in the right positions
5.2. Minor Changes
5.2.1. wanted a responsible government but still have appointed politicians and they wanted
5.2.1.1. Robert Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine liked to make minor changes
5.2.2. could not refuse a bill passed bu legislative assembly unless by a lieutenant-governor
5.3. Reduce Influence of the Canadiens
5.3.1. Some groups the British did not please
5.3.2. wanted the position of the Canadiens to be weakened and the English Canadians to be increased
6. Lord Durham
6.1. His Work
6.1.1. wanted to find out why were there rebellions in the two Canadas and making ideas for avoiding violence
6.1.2. heard that the Reformers wanted a responsible government
6.1.3. wanted to also join the Canadas together to easily ship supplies on the canal system
6.1.3.1. canal system in Lower Canada lagging behind
6.2. Response to His Work
6.2.1. Canada was soon joined together and were named Canada East and Canada West
6.2.1.1. would have one legislature to make laws for both provinces
6.2.2. each province would have 65 representatives and would be an equal representation
6.2.3. grant responsible government was neither granted nor refused
6.3. Union Act
6.3.1. Durham wanted to make the smaller group of people get involved with the larger group to make them the same with the French
6.3.1.1. means that he wanted the French to speak English
6.3.2. gave Canada the same amount of representatives
6.3.3. the Union Act did not grant a responsible government
6.3.3.1. help the reformers because they can argue about the government not changing
6.3.4. soon after, many arguments occured and the Union Act replaced by the new British North America, made Canada Confederation
6.3.4.1. made the rules for the new country, Canada