1. Chapter 6: Schools as Organizations
1.1. Identify major stakeholders in YOUR district by name.
1.1.1. Federal AL Senators: Richard Shelby & Doug Jones and House of Representative: Robert Aderholt, State Senator: Greg Reed and House of Representatives: Tim Wadsworth & Connie Rowe, State Superintendent: Michael Sentance, Local Superintendent: Jason Adkins, Local School Board: Mike Carruth & Phyllis Hunter & Bobby McNabb & Karen Stoker & Dale Wilson
1.2. Identify and describe the elements of change within school processes and school cultures.
1.2.1. Resolving conflict, learning appropriate behavior such as trust, team building and shared decision making, and process and content importance
2. Chapter 7: Curriculum & Pedagogy
2.1. Explain a curriculum theory which you advocate.
2.1.1. Developmentalist: focuses on the needs and interests of the student rather than society.
2.2. Identify and describe the two dominant traditions of teaching.
2.2.1. Mimetic: purpose of education is to feed specific info to the students. ; Transformative: change the student intellectually, creatively, spiritually, and emotionally.
3. Chapter 8: Equality of Opportunity
3.1. Describe how class, race, and gender each impact educational outcomes.
3.1.1. Class puts preconceived limits on children, upper and middle class children are held to a higher standard and can afford higher education, while working and underclass children are not thought of as highly. White students have higher averages of success, while Black and Hispanic students have the highest education drop out rates and the lowest test scores. Gender in education has turned around for women, as women now have higher educational success rates than men, however they are deemed to be limited in the area of mathematics compared to men.
3.2. What were the two responses to the Coleman Study from 1982?
3.2.1. The initial response was that his research and findings were insignificant, however the later response was positive, in that others were able to complete findings and confirm Coleman's original data as significant.
4. Chapter 9: Educational Inequality
4.1. Explain at least two types of cultural differences theory.
4.1.1. John Obgu's theory that Black children do not do well in school because they conform to their lower class and culture standard, and they must "deal" with their inferiority. A second theory is that working-class and nonwhite students a resistant towards school because they see it as catered towards the dominant culture and they reject the white middle-class.
4.2. Describe at least four school-centered explanations for educational inequality.
4.2.1. School financing: public schools in affluent suburbs receive higher funding compared to public schools in poor inner-cities. Effective school research: if student differences is because of societal changes then the teacher is not to blame, but then this left teachers to feel hopeless as if they could not make a difference. Curriculum: in middle class neighborhoods the school is more student-centered, while working-class neighborhoods are more authoritarian. Ability grouping: separating and grouping students based on their abilities and ensuring that the "best and brightest" are prepared for society's essential roles.
5. Chapter 10: Educational Reform
5.1. Describe two school-based reforms.
5.1.1. Privatization: private education companies taking on public education ways and becoming involved in for-profit companies. Teacher education: teachers were part of the failure of schools so they began to receive training.
5.2. Describe at least two societal, economic, community, or political reforms that impact education.
5.2.1. Takeover: healthy environment for the community to address school district problems, state and local decision makers will provide resources to improve children's learning. School finance reform: must provide equality funding for "thorough and efficient" education.
6. Chapter 3: History of U.S. Education
6.1. Choose and describe a reform movement that you think has had the most influence on education.
6.1.1. Rise of the Common School: Education for Women and Blacks
6.2. Choose and describe one historical interpretation of U.S. Education.
6.2.1. Democratic- Liberal School believes in the commitment of equal opportunity for all.
7. Chapter 4: Sociological Perspectives
7.1. Define each of the theoretical perspectives concerning the relationship between school and society: functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionalism.
7.1.1. functionalism- school and society work together in order for society to work; conflict theory- don't believe agreement fixes social order, use force and manipulation of the dominant groups; interactionalism- extension of functionalism and conflict theory perspectives
7.2. Identify and describe 5 effects of schooling on individuals that you think have the greatest impact on students as explained in the book.
7.2.1. Student peer groups and alienation- students feeling bullied and labeled which strongly effects how a child sees themselves; teacher behavior- how a teacher carries themselves strongly effects how the students will behave in the school; knowledge and attitudes- social class background is believed to have an impact on a students achievement level; employment- students believe that graduating from college will gain them a better job opportunity which is correct; education and mobility-school is the "great equalizer"
8. Chapter 5: Philosophy of Education
8.1. Describe the particular world view of one of the student-centered philosophy of education.
8.1.1. Pragmatism-American philosophy developed by George Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey. Encourages people to find what works for them in order to reach their own goal. The notion was children are their own beings, constantly changing, and should have individual courses that reflect their development. Goal of education is to prepare for life in a democratic society. The teacher is not the authoritative figure, but writes curriculum, makes suggestions, encourages, and plans course work. Method of instruction was children working individually and in a group. Curriculum used is called integrated.
9. Chapter 2: Politics of Education
9.1. Identify and describe the four purposes of education.
9.1.1. intellectual-teach basic cognitive skills, political-prepare children to be good citizens and follow the laws of society, social-teach social cohesion and roles in society, economic-prepare students for the work field
9.2. Choose and describe a perspective for each of the following: 1) the role of the school; 2) explanations of unequal performance; and 3) definition of educational problems.
9.2.1. 1)liberal-equal opportunity for all; 2)liberal-not all children come from a good background, level curriculum to give all a chance; 3)liberal-schools limit chances for poor and minority children, traditional curriculum prevents well rounded cultured education