1. Behaviorism
1.1. Teaching and ICTs
1.1.1. Teaching is behavior modification
1.1.2. A Behaviorist approach breaks a task down into a series of simple steps
1.1.3. Management of class behavior is important
1.1.4. A variety of reinforcements to change student behavior
1.1.5. ICTs
1.1.5.1. Tutorial software to make learning efficient, especially memorizing basics
1.1.5.2. Drill and practice software:" programmed instruction rewards a correct answer
1.2. How it works?
1.2.1. Learning is the acquisition of new behavior through conditioning.
1.2.2. Environment shapes behavior
1.2.3. Association
1.2.4. Focuses on a new behavioral pattern being repeated until it becomes automatic
2. Cognitivism
2.1. Teaching and ICTs
2.1.1. Asking interesting questions, use multi-media to attract attention of students, present content.
2.1.2. Highlight important points and relate to existing knowledge.
2.1.3. Practice exercises for moving knowledge form Short Term Memory to Long Term Memory.
2.1.3.1. Rehearsal
2.1.3.2. Feedback
2.2. Gagne's conditions for learning
2.2.1. Gagen's five categories of learning
2.2.2. Gagen's 9 Instructional Events
3. Constructivism
3.1. Social Constrcutivism
3.1.1. Teaching and ICTs
3.1.1.1. Learning should be situated in realistic settings.
3.1.1.2. Testing should be integrated with the task and not a separate activity.
3.1.1.3. Teachers guide and facilitate: Not impose.
3.1.1.4. Methods and materials must be available to suit individual learning styles/potential
3.1.1.5. Learning activities should be collaborative, with a group construction of knowledge.
3.1.2. Active learning
3.1.2.1. Knowledge is not transmitted but actively built up but the learner over time
3.1.2.1.1. Zone of Proximal Development
3.1.3. Laurillard's Conversational framework
3.1.4. Salmon Model
3.2. Knowledge is actively constructed by the mind of learner
3.2.1. Active learner
3.2.1.1. Piaget's active learner
3.3. Knowledge is constructed from experience
3.3.1. Active learning
3.3.1.1. Kolb's Cycle of Experiential Learning