1. INFORMAL
1.1. NEIGHBORS
1.2. PARENTS
2. CLIFFORD SHAW AND HENRY McKAY
3. SOCIAL THEORY OF DELINQUENCY THAT ARE USED ON THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL PROBLEM AND SOCIAL RELATIONS
3.1. SOCIAL STRUCTURE THEORIES HOLD THAT DELINQUENCY IS A FUNCTION OF A PERSON'S PLACE IN THE ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
3.2. SOCIAL PROCESS THEORIES VIEW DELINQUENCY AS THE RESULT OF A PERSON'S INTERACTION WITH CRITICAL ELEMENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
3.3. CRITICAL THEORIES CONSIDER DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR TO BE A RESULT OF ECONOMIC DEPRIVATION CAUSED BY THE INEQUITIES OF THE CAPITAL SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION
4. SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION
4.1. THESE CHICAGO- BASED SCHOLARS FOUND THAT DELINQUENCY RATES WERE HIGH IN WHAT THEY CALLED TRANSITIONAL NEIGHBORHOODS.
4.2. WAS FIRST RECOGNIZED EARLY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
4.3. THE NEIGHBORHOODS HAD CHANGED FROM AFFLUENCE TO DECAY
4.4. TEENAGE GANG DEVELOPED AS A MEAN OF SURVIVAL, DEFENSE AND FRIENDSHIP
5. SOCIAL CONTROL
5.1. CAN COME IN A VARIETY OF FORMS,
5.1.1. FORMAL
5.1.2. POLICE
5.1.3. COURTS
5.1.4. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
5.2. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS SUCH AS SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES CAN WORK EFFECTIVELY IN MAINTAINING ORDER
6. PERCENTAGE OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES LIVING IN POVERTY IS DOUBLE THAT OF EUROPEAN AMERICANS
7. CONSEQUENCES OF RACIAL , SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC DISPARITY
8. THE MEDIAN FAMILY INCOME OF LATINOS AND AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE TWO-THIRDS THAT OF WHITES
8.1. ECONOMIC STATUS HAS A SIGNIFICANT A LIFESTYLE AND LIFE CHANCES
8.2. MANY URBAN AMERICANS USE THEIR ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL ADVANTAGES TO LIVE IN SHELTERED GATED COMMUNITIES PATROLLED BY SECURITY GUARDS
8.3. MOST MINORITIES DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO SIMILAR PROTECTIONS AND PRIVILEGES
9. RACIAL DISPARITY
10. CHILDREN WHO LIVE IN DISORGANIZED NEIGHBORHOODS LIVE IN AN ENVIRONMENT ABSENT OF SOCIAL CONTROL
10.1. RELATIVE DEPRIVATION
10.1.1. THE POOR AND THE WEALTHY LIVE CLOSE TOGETHER
10.1.2. KIDS WHO FEEL THEY ARE LESS WELL OFF THAN OTHERS BEGIN TO FORM NEGATIVE SELF FEELINGS
10.1.2.1. HOSTILITY
10.1.2.2. A CONDITION THAT MOTIVATES THEM TO ENGAGE IN DELINQUENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIORS
10.1.2.2.1. RESEARCHERS SHOW STRONG POSITIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INCOME INEQUALITY
10.1.3. COMMUNITY DETERIORATION
10.1.3.1. HIGH PERCENTAGE OF DESERTED HOUSES
10.1.3.1.1. AND APARTMENTS
10.1.3.2. THE NEIGHBORHOOD IN WHICH RETAIL ESTABLISHMENT GO BANKRUPT, ARE ABANDONED
10.1.3.2.1. HOUSES AND APARTMENTS DETERIORATE PHYSICALLY
10.2. COMMUNITY FEAR
10.2.1. PEOPLE HAVE TO HELP ONE ANOTHER
10.2.2. RESIDENTS ARE LESS LIKELY TO FEAR CRIME
10.2.3. THEY ARE NOT AFRAID OF BECOMING A CRIME VICTIM
10.2.3.1. WHEN PEOPLE FEEL DISTANT FROM ONE ANOTHER AND DISCONNECTED FROM THE COMMUNITY, THEY ARE MORE LIKELY TO VIEW THEIR ENVIRONMENT AS A DANGEROUS PLACE
10.2.3.2. POVERTY CONCENTRATION
10.2.3.2.1. IN FEAR OF TRANSITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD WHERE RESIDENTS ARE TRYING TO GET OT FAST
10.2.3.2.2. THEY FIND THAT THEIR EXPOSURE TO CRIME AND VIOLENCE IS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED