DENGUE

1. CAUSATIVE AGENT

1.1. dengue (virus), 4 serotypes belonging to flaviviridae family

1.2. vector: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus

2. PATHOGENICITY

2.1. dengue virus infects immature dendritic cells

2.2. virus migrate to interferon & activate the cellular & humoral immune response

2.3. virus replicates in macrophages for 3-6 days (incubation period to viraemia)

2.4. 6-8 hours for symptoms to start, viraemia , then fever

2.5. mosquitoes remain infectious for its entire one-month life & can transmit infection with as few as 100 viral particles

3. MODE OF TRANSMISSION

3.1. uninfected Aedes aegypti mosquito bite infected person

3.2. infected Aedes aegypti mosquito bite normal person

4. MANAGEMENT

4.1. notify

4.2. observe warning signs

4.3. rest & plenty of fluid

4.4. iv fluid regime

4.5. antipyretics (PCM)

4.6. antiemetic & antidiarrheal drug

5. DEFINITION

5.1. an arthropod-born acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus transmitted by infected Aedes Aegypti and Aedes albopictus

6. EPIDEMIOLOGY

6.1. approx. 50-100 mil infections/year worldwide

6.2. >2.5 bil at risk of infection

6.3. fatality rate 5% & <1% with appropriate therapy

6.4. seasonal outbreaks due to warm & wet conditions for mosquito dev.