SENSE

1. Hyponymy: a relationship between two words in which the meaning of one of the words includes the meaning of the other word. (eg. color: white, black, blue, green, etc.): MỐI QUAN HỆ THƯỢNG HẠ VỊ

1.1. SUPERORDINTE

1.2. HYPONYMS

2. Polysemy is a sense relation in which a word or a lexical item, has acquired more than one meaning. Polysemy is the diversity of meaning, the case of where a word has very closely related meanings. TỪ NHIỀU NGHĨA

2.1. e.g. the term “flight” can mean all of the following:

2.1.1. 1. the action of flying

2.1.2. 2. an air journey

2.1.3. 3. a number of stairs/ steps leading up or down

2.1.4. 4. the action of running away

2.1.5. 5. a unit of the air force

3. Homophony is a relation in which various words have the same sound but have different meanings and written forms: ĐỒNG CÁCH PHÁT ÂM

3.1. Ex1: hour → a twenty-fourth part of a day & night

3.2. our → belonging to us

3.3. Ex2: flour → a powder used for making bread, cakes

3.4. flower → a beautiful part of a plant or tree from which seeds or fruit grow

3.5. they’re / their by / buy meat / meet sunday / sundae to / too / two very / vary draught / draft some / sum

4. Homography is the relation in which various words have the same written form but have different meanings and sound forms.

4.1. e.g.

4.2. lead /li:d/ → Does this road lead to town?

5. Ambiguity is a word, or a phrase, or a sentence which has more than one meaning is said to be ambiguous.

5.1. It is not clear in its meaning.

5.2. There are two types of ambiguity:

5.2.1. - structural ambiguity

5.2.2. - lexical ambiguity

6. Homonymy is a relation in which various words have the same (sound or written) form but have different meanings: TỪ ĐỒNG ÂM Ex1: bank1 → a financial institution bank2 → the shore of a river Ex2: bear (n) → a large heavy animal with thick fur bear1(v) → give birth to bear2(v) → tolerate

6.1. Absolute homonyms should satisfy the following three conditions: They will be unrelated in meaning; All their forms will be identical; The identical forms will be grammatically equivalent.

6.2. Partial homonyms are common. find(v) and found (v) share found (past tense of find) rose (n) and rose (past tense of the verb “rise”)

7. Synonymy: the sameness or close similarity of meaning. (eg. boy=lad): TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA

8. Antonymy: oppositeness of meaning. (eg. open x close): TỪ TRÁI NGHĨA

8.1. GRADABLE: SỬ DỤNG TRONG SS HƠN

8.2. RELATIONAL: MQH QUA LẠI IF-THEN

8.3. BINARY: 1 NÀY 1 KIA KHÔNG Ở GIỮA