1. EPITHELIAL
1.1. It is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands.
1.1.1. 4 MAJOR FUNCTION
1.1.1.1. It protects underlying tissues
1.1.1.2. It absorbs
1.1.1.3. It secretes
1.1.1.4. Epithelial tissues excretes
1.1.2. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SHAPE
1.1.2.1. Squamous cells are the thin, flat cells that make up the epidermis, or the outermost layer of the skin.
1.1.2.2. Cuboidal epithelium is consists of a single layer of cuboidal (cube-like) cells. These cuboidal cells have large, spherical and central nuclei.
1.1.2.3. Columnar cells are epithelial cells which have an elongated shape with a height about 4 times the width.
1.1.3. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ARRANGEMENT
1.1.3.1. Simple
1.1.3.1.1. Simple squamous epithelium- is a single layer of flat cells in contact with the basal lamina (one of the two layers of the basement membrane) of the epithelium.
1.1.3.1.2. Simple cuboidal epithelium- is a type of epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal (cube-like) cells.
1.1.3.1.3. Simple columnar epithelium= is a columnar epithelium that is uni-layered. In humans, a simple columnar epithelium lines most organs of the digestive tract including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
1.1.3.2. Pseudostratified
1.1.3.2.1. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium- are tissues formed by a single layer of cells that give the appearance of being made from multiple layers, especially when seen in cross section.
1.1.3.3. Stratified
1.1.3.3.1. Stratified squamous epitheliu- are tissues formed from multiple layers of cells resting on a basement membrane, with the superficial layer(s) consisting of squamous cells. Underlying cell layers can be made of cuboidal or columnar cells
1.1.3.3.2. Stratified cuboidal epithelium- is a type of epithelial tissue found mainly in glands, which specialize in selective absorption and secretion by the gland into blood or lymph vessels.
1.1.3.3.3. Stratified columnar epithelium- is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of column shaped cells arranged in multiple layers.
1.1.3.4. Transitional
1.1.3.4.1. Transitional epithelium- is a type of stratified epithelium. This tissue consists of multiple layers of epithelial cells which can contract and expand in order to adapt to the degree of distension needed.
1.1.4. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION
1.1.4.1. Mucous membrane
1.1.4.1.1. also known as a mucosa (plural: mucosae), is a layer of cells that surrounds body organs and body orifices. It is made from ectodermal tissue.
1.1.4.2. Glandular
1.1.4.2.1. a mixture of both endocrine (ductless, hormones are secreted into the blood) and exocrine (have ducts, hormones are secreted onto surfaces) glands.
1.1.4.3. Endothelium
1.1.4.3.1. is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
1.1.4.4. Mesothelium
1.1.4.4.1. a membrane composed of simple squamous epithelium that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracic cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery), mediastinum and pericardium (heart sac).
2. CONNECTIVE
2.1. one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops from the mesoderm. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system.
2.1.1. Loose Connective Tissue
2.1.1.1. is a category of connective tissue which includes areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue.
2.1.1.1.1. Areolar connective tissue is one of six forms of connective tissue within the body and is named after the airy appearance of the tissue. It is found surrounding blood vessels, nerve bundles, muscles, and organs. It also fills the spaces between organs and connects your skin to your underlying muscle
2.1.1.1.2. Reticular tissue is a special type of connective tissue that predominates in various locations that have a high cellular content. It has a branched and mesh-like pattern, often called reticulum, due to the arrangement of reticular fibers (reticulin).
2.1.1.1.3. Adipose tissue, or fat, is an anatomical term for loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. Its main role is to store energy in the form of fat, although it also cushions and insulates the body.
2.1.2. Dense Connective Tissue
2.1.2.1. also called dense fibrous tissue, is a type of connective tissue with fibers as its main matrix element. The fibers are mainly composed of type I collagen. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that generate the fibers.
2.1.3. Specialized Connective Tissue
2.1.3.1. are made up of a series of similar cells put together to perform a specific function.
2.1.3.2. includes tendons and ligaments, Bone and Cartilage, haemopoetic tissue, blood and adipose tissue.
2.1.3.2.1. A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. Tendons may also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure.
2.1.3.2.2. Ligaments are bands of tough, elastic connective tissue that surround a joint to give support and limit the joint's movement.
2.1.3.2.3. Cartilage and Bone are specialised forms of connective tissue. They are both made up of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. Cartilage is thin, avascular, flexible and resistant to compressive forces. Bone is highly vascularised, and its calcified matrix makes it very strong.
2.1.3.2.4. The hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues give rise to and house erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets. The hematopoietic tissues arise from hematopoietic stem cells and include bone marrow, peripheral blood, and certain lymphoid tissue.
2.1.3.2.5. Adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue consisting of lipid-rich cells called adipocytes. Commonly known as body fat. It is found all over the body. It can be found under the skin (subcutaneous fat), packed around internal organs (visceral fat), between muscles, within bone marrow and in breast tissue.
3. NERVOUS
3.1. the term for groups of organized cells in the nervous system, which is the organ system that controls the body's movements, sends and carries signals to and from the different parts of the body, and has a role in controlling bodily functions such as digestion.
3.1.1. Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells. Most neurons have a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. The cell body contains the nucleus and cytoplasm.
3.1.1.1. 3 types of neurons
3.1.1.1.1. Sensory neurons.
3.1.1.1.2. Motor neurons.
3.1.1.1.3. Interneurons.
4. MUSCLE
4.1. a soft tissue that composes muscles in animal bodies, and gives rise to muscles' ability to contract. This is opposed to other components or tissues in muscle such as tendons or perimysium.
4.1.1. Smooth Muscle
4.1.1.1. A type of muscle tissue which is used by various systems to apply pressure to vessels and organs. Smooth muscle is composed of sheets or strands of smooth muscle cells. These cells have fibers of actin and myosin which run through the cell and are supported by a framework of other proteins.
4.1.2. Striated or Skeletal muscle
4.1.2.1. one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. It is a form of striated muscle tissue, which is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system.
4.1.3. Cardiac Muscle
4.1.3.1. is one of three types of vertebrate muscles, with the other two being skeletal and smooth muscles. It is an involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the walls of the heart.