1.1. -Mitochondria: its a membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cells biochemical reaction. found in all eukaryotic cells.
1.2. -Chloroplasts: its a double membrane organelle that allows plants to capture the energy of the Sun in energy-rich molecules. found in plant cells and some protist cells.
2. Manufacturing Proteins
2.1. -Ribosome: its two functions are decoding the message and the formation of peptide bonds. they are organelles that are the site of protein synthesis. found in all cells.
2.2. -Endoplasmic Reticulum: its responsible for calcium storage, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. The diverse functions of the ER are performed by distinct domains; consisting of tubules, sheets and the nuclear envelope. found in all eukaryotic cells.
3. Cell Shape and Movement
3.1. -Plasma membrane: membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. and its a flexible boundary that controls the movement of the substances into and out of the cell.
3.2. -Cell wall: A cell wall is a structural layer, just outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection. found in plant cells, fungi cells, and some prokaryotes.
3.3. -Cytoskeleton: The cytoskeleton is a network of filaments and tubules that extends throughout a cell, through the cytoplasm, which is all of the material within a cell except for the nucleus. It is found in all eukaryotic cells, though the proteins that it is made of vary between organisms.
3.4. -Centrioles: Organelles that occur in pairs and are important for cell division. found in animal cells, some prokaryotic cells, and most eukaryotic cells.
3.5. -Flagella: are long tail-like filamentous protein structures found in bacteria, some animal cells, archaea, and eukaryotes. They are typically used to propel a cell through liquid. However, flagella have many other specialized functions.
3.6. -Cilia: are small hair-like protuberances on the outside of eukaryotic cells. They are primarily responsible for locomotion, either of the cell itself or of fluids on the cell surface. found in some animal cells, protist cells, and prokaryotic cells.
4. Controlling Cell Activities
4.1. -Nucleus: its a membrane-bound organelle that contains genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic organisms. it contains coded directions for the production of proteins and cell division. It's the largest organelle inside the cell taking up about a tenth of the entire cell volume.
5. Processing, Transporting, and Storing Molecules
5.1. -Lysosome: A lysosome is a vesicle that contains digestive enzymes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria. found in animal cells and rare in plant cells.
5.2. -Golgi Apparatus: A flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies proteins and packages them from distribution outside the cell. found in all eukaryotic cells.
