1. Food
1.1. **Pan** A metal container used for cooking food in. • *Heat the olive oil in a heavy pan* • *Filling a pan with the gravelly soil*
2. **Medicine** -noun *A new medicine was invented to cure the disease.*
2.1. **Therapy** -noun Treatment intended to relieve or heal disorder. *A course of antibiotic therapy*
2.2. **Disease** -noun
3. Agriculture
3.1. **Gravel** noun a loose aggregation of small water-worn or pounded stones. *Filling a pan with gravelly soil*
3.2. **Orchard** -noun A piece of enclosed land planted with fruit trees. • *An apple orchard* • *Non-flammable features such as orchards*
3.3. **Remediation** noun the action of remedying something, in particular of reversing or stopping environmental damage. *the giving of remedial teaching or therapy.*
3.4. **Vine** -noun A climbing or trailing woody-stemmed plant related to grapevine.
3.5. **Irrigate** -verb Supply water to (land or crops) to help growth, typically by means of channels.
4. Irrregular verbs
4.1. **Choose** Base form: *I always choose the healthier option at the restaurant.* Past tense: *Yesterday, I chose to stay home instead of going out.* Past participle: *I have chosen a new career path for myself.* Present participle: *She is currently choosing between two different colleges to attend.*
5. BEHAVIOUR
5.1. Hesitant
5.1.1. **Probably** -adverb *She would probably never see him again*
5.1.2. **Perhaps** -adverb *Perhaps I should have been frank with him*
5.1.3. **Doubt** -noun A feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction. • *Some doubt has been cast upon the authenticity of this account* • *She expressed doubt about his ability to complete the project* • *Without a doubt, he is the best candidate for the job* • *He had no doubt in his mind that he would win the race*
5.1.4. **Reluctant** adj Unwilling and hesitant; disinclined. *He was reluctant to join the team*
5.1.4.1. **Reluctantly** -adverb in an unwilling and hesitant way. *He reluctantly agrees to do his duty*
5.2. **Cruelty** -noun Callous indifference to or pleasure in causing pain and suffering. *He has treated her with extreme cruelty*
5.3. **Callous** -adjective Showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others. *His callous comments about the murder made me shiver*
5.4. **Indifference** noun Lack of intrest, concern, or sympathy. *She shrugged, feigning indifference*
5.5. **Shiver** verb (Of a person or animal) shake slightly and uncontrollably as a result of being cold, frightened, or excited. *They shivered in the damp foggy cold*
5.6. **Unscrupulous** adj. Having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair. *Unscrupulous landlords might be tempted to harass existing tenants*
5.7. **Untiring** adj. (of a person or their actions) continuing at the same rate without loss of vigor; indefatigable. *His untiring efforts on their behalf*
5.8. **Vigor** noun Physical strength and good health. *without loss of vigor*
5.9. **Indefatigable** adj. (of a person or their efforts) persisting tirelessly. *an indefatigable defender of human rights*
5.10. **Maniac** -noun 1. A person exhibiting extremely wild or violent behavior. *When he sits in fromt of* 2. A person suffering from mania.
5.11. Annoyed
5.11.1. **Irritable** -adj 1. Having or showing a tendency to be easily annoyed. *She was tired and irritable* 2. (of a body part) abnormally sensitive.
6. ei vs ie
6.1. ei
6.1.1. Either
6.1.2. Weight
6.1.3. Receive
6.1.4. Height
6.2. ie
6.2.1. Variety
6.2.2. Sufficient
6.2.3. IELTS
6.2.4. Quiet
6.2.5. Achieve
7. **Range**
7.1. **Expansive** adj 1. Covering a wide area in terms of space or scope; extensive. *Expansive beaches* 2. (of a person of their manner) relaxed and genially frank and communicative. *He was in an expansive mood*
8. RELATIVE CLAUSES They give more information about a person or thing. If there is a noun or pronoun after the Subject then the relative you seen the pills the nurse left here?*
8.1. Things
8.1.1. Which use when there is non-defining information.
8.1.2. That
8.2. People
8.2.1. Who
9. MIDDLE
9.1. Mild
10. Weak
10.1. **Susceptible** adj. Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing. *Patients with liver disease may be susceptible to infection*
11. END
11.1. Forcefully
11.1.1. **Suppress** -verb Forcefully put and end to. *The rising was savagely suppressed*
11.1.2. **Quell** -verb Forcefully put an end to (a rebellion or other disorders). *Extra police were called to quell the disturbance*
11.1.3. **Subdue** -verb Forcefully bring (a country or people) under control. *Here how to subdue a suspect*
11.2. **Prohibit** -verb Formally forbid (something) by law, or other authority. *Laws prohibiting cruelty to animals*
11.3. Ban
12. Small
12.1. **Negligible** adjective So small or unimportant as to be not worth considering; insignificant. *Hi said that the risks were negligible*
13. Comparison
13.1. **Comparatively** adverb To a moderate degree as compared to something else; relatively. *inflation was comparatively low*
14. **Money**
14.1. **Subsidized** -adj (of an organization or activity) supported financially. "a subsidized industry" having part of the cost of production paid in order to keep the selling price low. "subsidized food"
14.2. **Compensate** -verb 1. Give (someone) something, typically money, in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury incurred; recompense. *Payments were made to farmers to compensate them for cuts in subsidies* Similar: recompense repay pay back reimburse remunerate recoup indemnify settle up with settle accounts with 2. Reduce or counteract (something unwelcome or unpleasant) by exerting an opposite force or effect. *The manager is hoping for victory to compensate for the team's dismal league campaign*
15. **Sentences**
15.1. I'm really not very keen
15.2. It sounds a bit dull
15.3. I find this task pretty hard-going
16. Similar writing
16.1. **Choose** -verb *You can't choose courses just on friends recommendations*
16.1.1. **Choice** -noun *It's not a good choice for you*
16.2. Similar in writing
16.2.1. ther
16.2.1.1. **Whether** -conjunction • *I don't know whether to wear a jacket or not* • *They're trying to figure out whether the movie starts at 7 or 8*
16.2.1.2. **Weather**
16.2.1.2.1. **Foggy** -adj Full of or accompanied by fog. *A dark and foggy night*
16.2.1.2.2. **Cyclone** A system of winds rotating inward to an area of low atmospheric pressure, with a counterclockwise (northern hemisphere) or clockwise (southern hemisphere) circulation; a depression.
16.2.1.2.3. **Drought** -noun A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water. *The cause of Europe's recent droughts*
16.2.1.3. **Affect** is a verb that means to have an impact or influence on something or someone. *The loud noise affected my ability to concentrate*
16.2.2. Qui
16.2.2.1. **Quit** Leave
16.2.2.2. **Quite** To the utmost or most absolute Completely or entirely Fairly or moderately
16.2.2.3. **Quiet** Little or no noise
16.2.2.3.1. Quieten
16.2.3. Effect vs Affect
16.2.3.1. **Effect** is a noun that refers to a result or outcome, often caused by a specific action or event. • *The effect of the medication was immediate relief from pain* • *Devastating effect*
16.2.4. ough
16.2.4.1. Enough
16.2.5. **Angel vs Angle** Angel is a heavenly or spiritually being. Angle is the intersection of two straights lines.
16.2.6. Noise vs Nose
16.2.6.1. Noise is a loud sound or voice
16.2.6.2. Nose is the organ that plays the rolse of smelling.
16.2.7. THOUGH
16.2.7.1. Thought
16.2.7.2. **Although** In spite of the fact that; even though
16.2.7.3. **Thoughtful** Showing consideration for the needs of others She is very thoughtful and always remember her friend's birthdays
16.2.7.4. **Though** -Conjunction • Despite the fact that; although. *Though they were speaking in undertones, Philip could hear them* • However (indicating that a factor qualifies or imposes restrictions on what was said previously) *I was hunting for work. Jobs were scarce though*
16.2.7.5. **Thought-out** Carefully considered and planned. The presentation was well thought-out and organized.
16.3. Similar in meaning
16.3.1. **Below VS Beneath** "below" is typically used to indicate a position that is lower or under something, while "beneath" can imply being under or hidden by something and may convey a closer proximity. However, in most cases, the two words can be used interchangeably without significant differences in meaning.
17. PREPOSITION
17.1. About Above Across After Against Along Among Around As At Before Behind Below Beneath Beside Between Beyond But By Concerning Considering Despite Down During Except For From In Inside Into Like Near Of Off On Onto Out Outside Over Past Regarding Round Since Through Throughout Till To Toward Under Until Up Upon With Within Without
18. Vocab
18.1. **Damp** -adj. Slightly wet.
18.2. Critical - Severe - Acute
18.2.1. **Acute** -adj (of a bad, difficult, or unwelcome situation or phenomenon) present or experienced to a severe or intense degree. • *an acute housing shortage*. • *People who are suffering acute symptoms* . • *An acute angle*.
18.2.1.1. **Cute** -adj appealing in a pretty or endearing way. *A cute kitten*
18.3. Exercise
18.4. Regularly
18.5. **Indisputable** adj. Unable to be challenged or denied. *A far from indisputable fact*
18.6. **Devastating** adj. Highly destructive or damaging *A devastating cyclone struck Bangladesh*
18.7. **Drawcard** -noun Card games / Advantage / Selling point a quality or feature that evokes interest or liking; an attraction.
18.8. **Misdeed** noun Is a bad or wrong action that someone does, which goes against what is considered right or fait. It can include things like lying, cheating, stealing, or hurting others. *His past misdeeds were forgiven* *He was punched for his misdeeds*
18.9. **Concerningly** In a manner that causes concern.
18.10. **Greenhouse** a glass building in which plants are grown that need protection from cold weather.
18.11. Environment
18.11.1. Environmental impact
18.12. Contrast
18.13. **Fill** -verb A quantity of soft material that fills or is used to fill something
18.13.1. **Filling** *Filling a pan*
18.13.2. **Inflate** -verb Fill (a balloon, tire, or other expandable structure) with air or gas so that it becomes distended.
18.14. **Integral** -adj Necessary to make a whole complete; essential or fundamental. • *Games are an integral part of the school's curriculum* • *Wildfire has been an integral part of California ecosystems for centuries*
18.15. Wildland urban interface / WUI -noun Is the zone of transition between unoccupied land and human development.
18.16. **Prone** -adj Likely or liable to suffer from, do, or experience something unpleasant or regrettable. • *Farmed fish are prone to disease* • *Lands prone to wildfire*
18.17. **Wick** -noun A strip which candle flame burns.
18.17.1. **Wicked** adj. Evil or morally wrong. *a wicked and unscrupulous politician*
18.18. **Remedy** -verb set right (an undesirable situation). *money will be given to remedy the poor funding of nurseries*
18.19. **Appeal** -verb 1. make a serious, urgent, or heartfelt request. *police are appealing for information about the incident* *Hot temperatures are particularly appealing to Geckos* 2.LAW - apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court. *he said he would appeal against the conviction*
19. Synonyms
19.1. Adverbs
19.1.1. Rarely
19.1.1.1. **Seldom** • adverb Not often; rarely. *Syria is seldom visited by tourists* • adjective not common; infrequent. *A great but seldom pleasure*
19.1.2. Immediately
19.1.2.1. Instantly
19.1.3. Probably
19.1.3.1. Most likely
19.1.4. Sometimes
19.1.4.1. Occasionally
19.1.5. Especially
19.1.5.1. Mainly
19.1.6. Quickly
19.1.6.1. Speedily
19.2. Phrases
19.2.1. Watch out for
19.2.1.1. Be cautious of
19.2.2. Not sure of
19.2.2.1. Don't know
19.2.3. Make up your mind
19.2.3.1. Decide
19.2.4. Keep in mind
19.2.4.1. Remember
19.2.5. Come across
19.2.5.1. Find
19.2.6. Get into an accident
19.2.6.1. Crash
19.2.7. Keep an eye on
19.2.7.1. Watch
19.2.8. Take care of
19.2.8.1. Look after
19.2.9. Take a shot at
19.2.9.1. Try / Attempt
19.2.10. Risk
19.2.10.1. Perilous
19.2.11. Too much
19.2.11.1. Excessive
19.2.12. Subjected to
19.2.12.1. Receiving
19.2.13. On top of a hill
19.2.13.1. Somewhere up high
19.2.14. Forest
19.2.14.1. Sorrounded by trees
19.3. Verbs
19.3.1. **Oppose** -verb • Disagree with and attempt to prevent, especially by argument. *a majority of the electorate opposed EC membership* • Actively resist (a person or system). *a workers' movement opposed the regime*
19.3.1.1. Disagree
19.3.2. **Deter** -verb • Discourage (someone) from doing something by instilling doubt or fear of the consequences. *only a health problem would deter him from seeking re-election*
19.3.2.1. Discourage
19.3.3. **Rave** -verb • Talk incoherently, as if one were delirious or mad. *Nancy's having hysterics and raving about a ghost* • Speak or write about someone or something with great enthusiasm or admiration. *New York's critics raved about the acting*
19.3.4. Teach
19.3.4.1. Taught She taught him to read
19.3.5. Exist
19.3.5.1. **Coexist** -verb Exist at the same time or in the same place. • *Learning to better coexist with wildfire* • *The task pf diplomacy was to help different states coexist*
19.4. Noun
19.4.1. Voyage
19.4.1.1. Travel
19.4.2. Ignition Noun The action of setting something on fire or starting to burn. • *After ignition, the flames were still growing* • *Shaped by ignitions*
19.5. Adjectives
19.5.1. Prior
19.5.1.1. Before
19.5.2. **Inevitable** adj Certain to happen; unavoidable. • *War was inevitable* • *Better prepared for inevitable fires*
19.5.3. Easy adj
19.5.3.1. Eased verb
19.5.4. **Dull** -adj 1. lacking interest or excitement. *your diet doesn't have to be dull and boring* 2. lacking brightness, vividness, or sheen. *his face glowed in the dull lamplight*
20. START
20.1. **Provoke** verb Stimulate or give rise to (a reaction or emotion, typically a strong or unwelcome one) in someone. *The decision provoked a storm of protest*
21. People
21.1. **Rebellion** -noun An act of armed resistance to an establishmed government or leader. *The authorities put down a rebellion by landless colonials*
21.2. **Spectator** -noun A person who watches at a show, game, or other event. *Around fifteen thousand spectators came to watch the game*
21.3. **Tenant** -noun A person who occupies land or property rented from a landlord. *Building tenants asked for compensation*
21.4. **Stevedore** -noun A person employed at a dock to load and unload ships. *He worked as a stevedore*
21.5. **Advocate** noun A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy. *He was an untiring advocate of economic reform*
21.6. **Culprit** -noun Of (a person or thing) who is responsible for a crime or other misdeed. *Viruses could turn out to be the culprit*
21.7. **Therapist** -noun A person skilled in a particular kind of therapy. *A certified massage therapist*
21.8. **Subordinate** -adj lower in rank or position. *his subordinate officers*
21.9. **Tutor vs Teacher** *Tutor* is a private teacher who tutors individual students in one-on-one lessons or small group classes. *Teacher* teaches more than 20 students in a school or college.
21.10. Per person
21.10.1. Per capita
21.11. **Polluter** -noun A person or thing responsible for contaminating the environment with harmful or poisonous substances. *greenhouse polluters such as the coal and aluminium industries*
21.12. Sweden
21.12.1. People from Sweden called Swedes
22. It consists almost entirely of water
23. Movement
23.1. **Firmly** -adverb Doing something in a strong way. With little possibility of movement; securely. *The door remained firmly shut*
23.2. **Surge** -noun 1. A sudden powerful forward or upward movement, especially by a crowd or by a natural force such as the tide. *Flooding caused by tidal surges* 2. A sudden large increase, typically a temporary one. *The firm predicated a 20% surge in sales*
24. Drinks
24.1. Beer
24.2. **Wine** noun an alcoholic drink made from fermented grape juice. *he opened a bottle of red wine* verb entertain someone by offering them drinks and a meal. *we were wined and dined by the clients*
25. Animals
25.1. **Bear** As a verb 1. To support or carry the weight of something: *I can't bear the weight of this box on my own* 2. To endure or tolerate something: "I can't bear to watch violent movies." 3. To produce or yield something: "This tree bears fruit every year." 4. To give birth to: "The female bear will bear cubs in the winter." As a noun Bear refers to the large animal.
25.2. **Pollinate** / **cross-pollinate** -verb Convey pollen to or deposit pollen on (a stigma, ovule, flower, or plant) and so allow fertilization. *There are not enough bees to pollinate their crops*
25.3. **Insecticide** noun A substance used for killing insects. • *The use of chemical insecticides* • Susceptible to insecticides
25.4. **Livestock** -noun Farm animals regarded as an asset *markets for trading of livestock* *As a feed for livestock*
25.5. Insects
26. Body
26.1. Arm
26.1.1. **Wrist** noun The joint connecting the hand with the forearm. *I fell over and sprained my wrist*
26.1.2. Elbow
26.1.3. Forearm
26.1.4. Shoulder
26.1.5. Hand
26.1.5.1. Palm
26.1.5.1.1. Fingers
26.2. Leg
26.2.1. Knee
26.2.2. Foot
26.2.2.1. Toe
26.2.2.2. Heel
26.2.2.3. Ankle
26.2.3. Thigh
26.2.4. Calf
26.2.5. Shin
26.3. **Head**
26.3.1. Forehead
26.3.2. ear
26.3.3. Eyebrow
26.3.4. Eye
26.3.5. Nose
26.3.6. Lips
26.3.7. Neck
26.4. Chest
26.4.1. **Respiratory system** Breathing system *affects the respiratory system*
27. Time
27.1. **Half past ten** 30 minutes after 10 10:30
27.2. **Quarter** Quarter to 10 = 9:45 Quarter past 10 = 10:15
27.3. Precisely
27.4. **Decade** 10 years
27.5. **Century** 100 years
27.6. **Prolonged** -adj Continuing for a long time or longer than usual; lengthy. *The region suffered a prolonged drought*
28. **Popular** -adj *She was one of the most popular girls in the school*
28.1. **Popularity** -noun *He was at the height of his popularity*
29. Crime
29.1. **Surveillance** -noun Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal. *He found himself put under surveillance by British military intelligence*
29.2. **Stalk** The act of following someone or something very closely and watching its every move.
30. Directions
30.1. Up
30.1.1. **Elevate** -verb 1. Rise of lift (something) to a higher position. *The exercise will naturally elevate your chest and head* 2. Rise to a more important or impressive level. *He was elevated to Secretary of State*
30.1.2. **Exaggerate** verb Represent (something) as being larger, better, or worse than it really is. he was apt to exaggerate any aches and pains
30.1.2.1. **Exaggerated** adj Regarded or represented as large, better, or worse than in reality. *An exaggerated account of his adventures*
30.1.3. **Rise** -verb
30.2. Down
30.2.1. **Fall** -verb
30.2.1.1. **Fell** -past
30.2.2. **Slump** -verb 1. Sit, lean, or fall heavilty and limply. *She slumped against the cushions* -noun 2. A sudden severe pr prolonged fall in the price, value, or amount of something. *A slump in profits*
30.2.3. **plummet** -verb 1. Fall or drop straight down at high speed. *A climber was killed when he plummeted 300 feet down an icy gully* -noun 2. A steep and rapid fall or drop. *The bird has a circular display flight followed by an earthward plummet*
31. **Compulsory** adj Required by law or a rule; obligatory. *Compulsory military service*
31.1. **Necessary** adj Needed to be done, achieved, or present; essential. *They granted the necessary planning permission*
31.2. Essential
31.3. **Mandatory** adj Required by law or mandate; compulsory. wearing helmets was made mandatory for pedal cyclists
31.4. **Obligatory** adj Required by a legal, moral, or other rule; compulsory. *Use of seat belts in cars in now obligatory*
32. Politics
32.1. **Reform** -verb Make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practace) in order to improve it.
32.2. **Pacify** -verb Bring peace to (a country or warring factions), especially by the use or threat of military force. *The general pacified northern Italy*
32.3. **Colony** -noun A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country. *Syrian forces overran the French colony*
33. New vocabs
33.1. Consice
33.2. Vague
33.3. Shove
34. Celebrity
34.1. Celebrities
35. Properties
36. Acceptable
36.1. **Adequate** -adj satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity. *This office is perfectly adequate for my needs*
37. HEALTH
37.1. Nutrition
37.2. **Nourishment** The nourishment of soymilk.
37.3. **Nutritional** Nutritional benefits of dairymilk.
37.4. **Dietician** Dietician Hesham says that "Eating less is ultimately reducing weight"
37.5. **Dietary** There is a dietary misconception
37.6. **Detrimental** Tending to cause harm. *It is the most detrimental milk *
37.7. **Deit**
38. Amount
38.1. **Scarce** -adj insufficient for the demand (especially of food, money, or some other resources) *as raw materials became scarce, synthetics were developed*
38.2. **Plethora** -noun A large or excessive amount of something. A plethora of unemployeed graduaters
39. Difficult
39.1. **Elusive** -adj Difficult to find, catch, or achieve. *Success will become ever more elusive*
39.2. **Daunting** -adj Seeming difficult to deal with in prospect; intimidating. *A daunting task*
40. Research and Science
40.1. **Hypothesis** noun Proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence without any assumption of truth. *The hypothesis that every event has a cause*
41. Feelings
41.1. Calm
41.1.1. **Placate** -verb Make someone less angry or hostel *They attempted to placate the students with promises*
41.1.2. **Quiet** -adj Little or no noise *The car has a quiet, economical engine*
41.1.2.1. **Quieten** -verb
41.1.3. **Appease** -verb Pacify or placate (someone) by acceding to their demands. *Amendments have been added to appease local pressure groups*
41.1.4. **Pacify** verb Quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of. *He had tp pacify angry spectators*
41.2. Nervous Anxieous
41.2.1. **Agitation** A state of anxiety or nervous excitement
41.3. Concern
41.4. Thirsty
41.5. Interest
41.5.1. **Keen** adj • Having or showing eagerness or enthusiasm. *A keen gardener* • (of a sense) highly developed. *I have keen eyesight* *I have to do it but I'm really not very keen*
41.5.2. **Enthusiasm** -adj enthusiasm is a passionate and intense emotion that fuels excitement, engagement, and positivity in various aspects of life. It is a driving force that inspires individuals to wholeheartedly embrace and pursue their interests, goals, and endeavors. *I approached my new career with great enthusiasm and excitement*
41.6. Fear
41.6.1. **Formidable** -adj. Inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable. *A formidable opponent*