1. The state
1.1. Prepare students for minimum-wage labor
1.1.1. 8th grade education
2. Campaign for Fiscal Equity (CFE)
2.1. Prepare students for civic participation
2.1.1. Make sense if complex ballots
2.1.2. Understand DNA evidense
2.2. Higher standard of education
2.2.1. Minimize economic disparity
2.3. Won the court case: government decided adequate education is
2.3.1. Increased investment in STEM
2.3.2. Reduction in the humanities
3. Court case (P.8-9)
4. The fundimental piece when it comes to closing economic inequalities
4.1. vocational approach
4.1.1. wider distribution of skills = reduced income inequality
4.1.1.1. Counter: "Piketty agrees that the wafe premium on skills can explain only part of growing U.S. income inequalities: political forces shape distributive outcomes, and there are limits to how much the advantages of education can be moderated through the dissemination of technological skills" (Pg. 10)
4.1.1.2. Counter: "As economists such as Dani Rodrik have pointed out, gross economic inequalities do not result from an inexorable forward march of technology or globalization or from the nature of markets. They are products of policy choices, which are themselves the ouitcome of politics" (pg. 9)
4.1.1.3. Counter: "This is shortsighted because ecnomic inequality is an outgrowth of politics" (P.10)
4.1.2. requries less resources
4.1.3. more focus on cencrete skills rather than complex concepts. Tunnel visioned on skill make money rather than the true root cause of inequality which is the government
4.1.3.1. space race cause America to feel like it was falling behind
4.1.3.1.1. "The response was the national defense education act, signed into law in 1958, which increased funding for science and math education as well as vocational training" (P.9)
4.2. tecnological view
4.2.1. Make sure young people can compete in the global economy
4.2.1.1. giving people technical skills will help to decrease the economic divide
4.2.1.1.1. Emploters today are looking for technical skills from certain subject
4.3. participatory view
4.3.1. "The participatory paradisgm demands a higher educational standard than the covational, and meeting that standard required that more resources be allocated for schools" (P.9)
4.3.1.1. There would need to more money involved which could be an issue given how stingy the government can be
4.3.2. Current issue: "we have lost sight of the ideal ordinary citizen. who is not a profession politician but who has nonetheless developed all of the competencies describes above and who is proud to be involved in politics" (P.12)
4.4. civic concept
4.4.1. participatroy rediness allows people to partake in government more which will also lessen income inequality
4.4.1.1. aim to teach that civic agency is the acticitry of co-creating a way of life (accomplishes three core tasks)
4.4.1.1.1. disintrested deliberation around a public problem
4.4.1.1.2. prophetic work intended to shift a societies values
4.4.1.1.3. fair fighting (ethically and justly)
4.4.1.2. within the constitution (second sentance final clause)
4.4.1.2.1. we need knowledge of history, anthropology, cultural studies, economics, political science, sociology, and psychology
4.4.1.3. "The expansion of political participatory drove egalitarian economic reforms in Britain in the nineteenth centurly and the United States in the early twentieth" (Pg. 11)
4.4.1.4. Well rounded education (w/ more focus on humanities can solve this) (participatory rediness)
4.4.1.4.1. what subjects are needed?
4.4.1.4.2. Liberal arts
4.4.2. (what is the civic approach) "...link between education and equality. This understanding begins with the recognition that fair economic outcomes are aided by a robust democratic process and, therefore, by genuine political equality." (Pg.9)
4.4.2.1. economic fairness can only truly be achieved if there is political equality.
4.4.3. requries more resources