history class
Shallom Nyanhongoにより
1. Federal System
1.1. pertaining to or of the nature of a union of states under a central government distinct from the individual governments of the separate states, as in federal government; federal system. of, relating to, or noting such a central government: federal offices.
1.2. There are two types of federal systems. The first, dual federalism, holds that the Union and the state are equal; under this view of federalism, the Union government only has the powers expressly granted to it, while the states retain all other powers.
2. Autocracy
2.1. government in which one person has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others; the government or power of an absolute monarch. a nation, state, or community ruled by an autocrat. unlimited authority, power, or influence of one person in any group.
2.2. Autocratic governments are when one person has supreme authority over that nation. Muammar Gaddafi and Adolf Hitler are great examples of autocratic leaders. A dictatorship, again, is supreme authority and rule by one person.
3. Absolute/Totalitarian Dictatorship
3.1. totalitarianism is a form of government that attempts to assert total control over the lives of its citizens. It is characterized by strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. It does not permit individual freedom.
4. Oligarchy
4.1. More generally, an oligarch is a "member of an oligarchy; a person who is part of a small group holding power in a state". Aristotle gave the concept of oligarchy some negative connotations, but the term does not necessarily imply wealth.
5. Direct Democracy
5.1. government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system. a state having such a form of government: The United States and Canada are democracies.
6. Traditional Economy
6.1. Traditional economies produce no industrial pollution, and keep their living environment clean. Traditional economies only produce and take what they need, so there is no waste or inefficiencies involved in producing the goods required to survive
6.2. Traditional economies are often based on one or a few of agriculture, hunting, fishing, and gathering. Barter and trade is often used in place of money. There is rarely a surplus produced. In other words, most of the goods and services are fully used.
7. Market Economy
7.1. A market economy is an economic system in which economic decisions and the pricing of goods and services are guided by the interactions of a country's individual citizens and businesses.
8. Mixed Economy
8.1. A mixed economic system is a system that combines aspects of both capitalism and socialism. A mixed economic system protects private property and allows a level of economic freedom in the use of capital, but also allows for governments to interfere in economic activities in order to achieve social aims
9. Socialism
9.1. Socialism is a political, social and economic philosophy encompassing a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production and workers' self-management of enterprises. It includes the political theories and movements associated with such systems.
10. Confederation
10.1. Confederation, primarily any league or union of people or bodies of people. The term in modern political use is generally confined to a permanent union of sovereign states for certain common purposes—e.g., the German Confederation established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
10.2. The United States of America was a confederation before it became a federation with the ratification of the current U.S. constitution in 1788.
11. Unitary System
11.1. Power is shared by a powerful central government and states or provinces that are given considerable self-rule, usually through their own legislatures.
11.2. The United States, Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany. Unitary System. One central government controls weaker states
12. Monarchy
12.1. Monarchy, political system based upon the undivided sovereignty or rule of a single person. The term applies to states in which supreme authority is vested in the monarch, an individual ruler who functions as the head of state and who achieves his or her position through heredity.
13. Theocracy
13.1. , government by divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided. In many theocracies, government leaders are members of the clergy, and the state's legal system is based on religious law. Theocratic rule was typical of early civilizations.
14. Command Economy
14.1. Representative/Indirect Democracy
14.1.1. Indirect democracy is the political concept. used to denote the organization of a government. based on a democratic foundation, but with the. actual decisions about government being made. by representatives of the people.