Periodic Table Concepts

1. alkali metals

1.1. They are found on group one, which is the far left column on the periodic table.

1.2. They are very reactive, electropositive, monovalent metals forming strongly alkaline hydroxides.

1.3. Some of which include sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium

2. alkaline earth metals

2.1. They are reactive, electropositive, divalent metals, and form basic oxides that react with water to form comparatively insoluble hydroxides.

2.2. This is are the second group

2.3. beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium

3. halogens

3.1. Non-metallic elements

3.2. Solid Halogens: Astatine and Iodine

3.3. Liquid Halogens: Bromine

3.4. Gas: Fluorine and Chlorine

4. noble gases

4.1. They were long believed to be totally unreactive but compounds of xenon, krypton, and radon are now known.

4.2. They are the the farthest most right group on the periodic table.

4.3. Some noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon

5. transition metals

5.1. there are many different transitions metals but some examples are iron, manganese, chromium, and copper.

5.2. These metals take up multiple groups on the periodic table and can be found in columns 4 through 12.

5.3. Chemically they show variable valence and a strong tendency to form coordination compounds, and many of their compounds are colored.

6. History

6.1. The two scientists who had the biggest impact were Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer.

6.2. Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass

6.3. Meyer used atomic weights to arrange 28 elements into 6 families that bore similar chemical and physical characteristics, leaving a blank for an

7. Periodic Law

7.1. example: every element in a group has the same number of valance electrons, and each element will have a larger mass and number than the element before it.

7.2. basically it states that elements follow a pattern which controls their characteristics

7.3. This is the principle that states that properties of the elements recur periodically as their atomic number increases.

8. Classification

8.1. elements can be classifies by their mass, number of protons, number of neutrons, and common characteristics

8.2. classes can be separated by the number of valance electrons that they have, this effects their characteristics

8.3. classifications include number of valance electrons, types of groups and periods, and atomic numbers

9. inner transition metals

9.1. the elements on the two rows which appear underneath the main body of the periodic table

9.2. These elements are very reactive and very unstable. Often these elements can only be made in a laboratory and they they usually have radioactive properties

9.3. Some examples of this are Cerium, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Gadolinium, Holmium, Lutetium