Jerome Bruner explains learning as three representations that he emphasizes in ‘ Toward a Theory of Instruction p11’, he discusses

Enactive representation,( Action based ), this is based on action performed by a learner, as Bruner describes Enactive learning is that which was accomplished with the use of our muscles is not forgotten, but it may be hard to explain what the motions were that our muscles learned and explain what we have learned to others.

Iconic representation, ( Image based ), Iconic representation is principally governed by principles of perceptual organization. Bruner says we store visual information in the form of images. We see it, we record and internalize the event. We learn from our error and attempt to navigate away from the image of pain that we have retained and toward the image of success that we desire.

Symbolic representation, ( Language based ), Grammar permits us an orderly way of stating hypothetical propositions that may have nothing to do with reality such as “.. the unicorn is in the garden..” . Bruner also explains another important quality of a symbolic system is that it has compact-ability, such as in the use of physics formulas F=MA or Calculus:

Learning Theories Map