1. Sumerians
1.1. Arts & Education
1.1.1. The Sumerians were skilled in clay they made bricks and clay pots .
1.1.2. The sumerians had writers and scribes who recorded history of there kings and gods also they recorded geology.
1.1.3. In 2047-1750 BC the Sumerians were cultural advance which formed the first schools, proverbs, sayings, legal precedents in court cases,
1.2. Religion
1.2.1. The Samaritan religion is based on nature and religious ceremonies.
1.3. Economy and Trade
1.4. Technology and Science
1.4.1. they had invented the wheel, writing, the sail boat
1.5. government and leaders
1.6. Geography and Agriculture
1.6.1. The Sumerians used irrigation from the rivers to grow crops in a land that does not have enough rainfall to grow food.
1.6.2. The Sumerians lived in what is modern day Iraq just northwest of the Persian Gulf.
1.6.3. The amount of crops farmers grew allowed classes of non-farmers like priests and soldiers to live in the civilization.
1.6.4. The North had hills and plains where as the South had wide, flat barren plains.
1.7. Social Structure and Family Life
1.7.1. Near the bottom of society were landless and beggars. They had restricted rights as citizens. Slaves on the bottom had very few rights.
1.7.2. Most of the civilizations were farmers. Above them was a small elite group of kings, priests and soldiers.
1.7.3. A father had complete over his children's lives, even selling them into slavery until they married.
1.7.4. Marriages were mostly monogamous but concubines were quite frequent especially if the wife was unable to have children.
2. Zhou/shang dynasty
2.1. Arts & Education
2.1.1. Fuhao, was first woman to appear in Chinese written history
2.1.2. had bamboo books but they were destroyed in the tombs
2.1.3. Oracles written on tortoise shells serve as an early writing system in China.
2.1.4. the wife of Wu-ting tomb contained 468 works of bronze
2.2. Economy and Trade
2.2.1. The Shang were skilled workers in bone, jade, ceramics, stone, wood, shells, and bronze, by the discovery of shops found on the outskirts of excavated palaces. this tells us that they had an economy and trading system
2.3. Religion
2.4. Geography and Argriculture
2.4.1. The Shang Dynasty was located in the Northwest region of China in the Yellow River Valley.
2.4.2. The natural geography like the Himalayas and Gobi Desert isolated the civilization and protected it from invaders.
2.4.3. To guard against floods from the Yangtze and Yellow rivers they created complex irrigation and flood control.
2.4.4. The Shang grew millet, wheat, barley and of course rice. These provided the major sources of food.
2.5. government and leaders
2.5.1. •The Eastern Zhou period was one of political fragmentation with the power of the Zhou in decline
2.5.2. •The political system of the Western Zhou was characterized by the establishment of the numerous regional states mainly in East China.
2.5.3. the ruling house of zhou exercised a certain degree of imperial power over most of central china, however the power of the zhou rulers declined and the country divided into feudal states with nominal power to allegiance to the emperor
2.6. Technology and Science
2.6.1. The earliest Chinese bronzes were made by the method known as piece-mold casting as opposed to the lost-wax method, which was used in all other Bronze Age cultures. In piece-mold casting, a model is made of the object to be cast,
2.7. Social Structure and Family Life
2.7.1. Shang had a social pyramid with the King at the top, followed by military nobles, priests, merchants and farmers.
2.7.2. Burials were one way social classes were distinguished. Elites were buried in giant tombs while lower class were sometimes tossed down wells.
2.7.3. Respect for ones parents was a most important virtue in Shang Society.
2.7.4. Women in the time of the Shang Dynasty were expected to obey their fathers, husbands and even their sons.