1.1. Every civilization needs rules. Before societies were civil, people had their own ideas of what was right or wrong, and took problems into their own hands. Over time, as society developed, small groups or individuals made the laws, and the people below them obeyed them. In society, the government settles all disputes between people, and corrects people's wrong doings.
2. Specialized Occupations
2.1. As Societies advanced, so did the need for specific jobs. A successful civilization needs tax collectors, to collect the resources the government needs to function. Record keepers are needed to take inventory on food and other goods in the town. There are also judges, to make sure people follow the rules. New trades were created to make better tools, food, and houses. In a society, there are also artists, poets, and architects.
3. Merchants and Trade
3.1. The idea of trade was not new, but as society grew, higher value trading goods were in demand. Luxury items were prized by the wealthy as status symbols. Shops and stores began opening, and with them came currency. People also began traveling to different areas for trading.
4. Science and Writing
4.1. With so much extra time from efficient farming, people began investigating the natural world. Advancements in technology were made, with better tools, and eventually the wheel. In early civilizations, most of the writing was about records, and inventory. People recorded who owned what, and what they traded with each other.
5. Agriculture
5.1. In early civilizations one of the government's most important jobs was to supervise irrigation projects. A calendar system, and the building of dikes led to better planning of the harvesting seasons. A society with a well planned system would have better agricultural productivity, and a more secure food supply for the year. This would also give people more down time in other parts of the year.
6. Class Structure
6.1. As societies and their governments advanced, people became less equal due to wealth. Private ownership of land was seen more and more. People wanted more land, and they hired people to work for them. Slowly, this led to the creation of classes, and the wealthiest people ran the government.
7. State Religion
7.1. When early civilizations were developing, religion was very important to people. People related authority with religion. It was a way of legitimizing governments, and proving that kings were the ones with the "Divine Right" to rule their kingdom. God put the people in charge, and in turn the governments promoted religion.
