1. dwarfing?
1.1. big koalas, goannas and echidnas
1.1.1. two species or two size variants?
2. who to blame?
2.1. climate
2.1.1. climatic change 50.000 years ago
2.1.2. last ice age 25-15k y ago
2.1.2.1. -8°C
2.1.2.2. sea level down 160m
2.1.2.3. more ice -> less water -> less rain -> dry areas
2.1.2.4. New zealand one landmass
2.1.2.4.1. most ice
2.1.2.4.2. rest dry tundra - deforested
2.1.2.5. australia cold&dryness
2.1.2.5.1. plants survived as scrubs in river valleys
2.1.2.5.2. big animals need much water, north got dry
2.1.3. 15k y ago ice melted to the earth today, 9k y ago
2.1.3.1. too quick for animals to adjust
2.1.4. wombats survived? why?
2.1.5. why not died in an ice age before?
2.2. Humans
2.2.1. blitzkrieg when humans arrived 56k ya
2.2.1.1. hunting
2.2.1.2. fire lit
2.2.2. Aboriginals
2.2.2.1. Kartan Industry (Stone Tools)
2.2.2.1.1. Big Game butchering?
2.2.2.2. occupied 25k y ago whole continent
2.2.2.3. lack evidence of hunting or fire use
2.2.2.4. no water containers -> stay where water is, like the megafauna
2.2.2.5. 40k y coexisting
3. >40kg
4. Extinction
4.1. Australia
4.1.1. 35-18k y ago
4.1.2. Climate
4.1.2.1. driest 18k y ago
4.1.3. Abo Burning
4.1.4. Overkill
4.1.5. also different in north/south regions
4.1.5.1. rainfall reasons
4.2. America
4.2.1. large mammals survived until 11k y ago
4.3. Europa
4.3.1. 14-12k y ago
4.4. Islands
4.4.1. 10-4k y ago
4.5. New Zealand
4.5.1. 800-500 y ago