1. CH 5: Metabolism
1.1. Defined: the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism.
1.1.1. "energy balancing act"
1.2. 2 Functions
1.2.1. 1) to make ATP (energy)
1.2.1.1. enzyme regulated chemical reaction that releases energy
1.2.1.1.1. called: Catabolism
1.2.2. 2) cell growth
1.2.2.1. enzyme regulated chemical reaction that requires energy
1.2.2.1.1. Called: Anabolism
2. CH: 7 Aerial Bacteria & AnAerieal Bacteria
2.1. An Aerobic Bacteria
2.1.1. Do not need Oxygen for Growth & Reproduction
2.1.2. if takes Oxygen it will die
2.1.3. Do not have Catalase or Peroxide to change Hydrogen Peroxide to water
2.2. Aerial Bacteria
2.2.1. Need Oxygen for Growth
2.2.1.1. 98% of Oxygen is Good
2.2.1.2. 2% of Oxygen is Toxic Form
2.2.1.2.1. breaks down during Metabolism
2.2.1.2.2. Causes damage to DNA ,Protein, Cancer
2.2.1.2.3. Nuetrilized by taking Antioxide
2.2.1.2.4. Different Types of Toxic Oxygen
2.2.1.2.5. 3 different types of Enzymes found in Aerobic Bacteria to Combat Toxic Oxygen
2.2.1.2.6. Formula used to change Toxic Form Oxygen into harmless components
2.2.1.2.7. Neutralized by taking Antioxidant
2.3. types of Oxygen
2.3.1. O2 = 98% taken in metabolism =Good
2.3.2. O2^-2 = 2% Superoxide = Toxic
2.3.3. O3 =Ozone=Good
2.3.3.1. Found in air , makes a layer that absorbs Radiation & other harms.
3. CH: 8 Microbial Genetics
3.1. DNA
3.1.1. Important Property of DNA
3.1.1.1. 1) Reproduction & Growth
3.1.1.1.1. Replication of DNA
3.1.1.2. 2) Makes Protein
4. Microbial Growth
4.1. Physical Factors for Microbial Growth
4.1.1. Temperature
4.1.1.1. 37''C
4.1.1.1.1. Temp of blood
4.1.1.2. Different Types of Bacteria Reproduce at different temperatures
4.1.1.2.1. Psychrophiles
4.1.1.2.2. Psychrotrophs
4.1.1.2.3. Mesophiles
4.1.1.2.4. Thermophiles
4.1.1.2.5. Hyperthermophiles
4.1.2. ph
4.1.2.1. Level 7.0
4.1.2.1.1. found in blood
4.1.3. Osmosis
4.1.3.1. Isotonic Solution
4.2. Chemical Factors for Microbial Growth
4.2.1. C
4.2.1.1. Carbohydrates
4.2.2. H
4.2.2.1. Hydrogen
4.2.3. O
4.2.3.1. Oxygen
4.2.4. N
4.2.4.1. Nitrogen
4.2.5. P
4.2.5.1. Phosphurus
4.2.6. S
4.2.6.1. Sulfur
4.3. Phases Bacteria Goes Through
4.3.1. Lag Phase
4.3.1.1. Metobalic Activity
4.3.1.2. Bacteria are not growing
4.3.1.3. Catabolism Activity
4.3.2. Log Phase
4.3.2.1. Grow from 1-2-4--8-16-36
4.3.2.2. Bacteria Growing
4.3.2.2.1. Gram + : Clinical symptoms at log phase
4.3.2.3. takes fews days to few hours
4.3.3. Stationary Phase
4.3.3.1. 50% Bacteria Growing will die
4.3.3.1.1. Gram - :Clinical sypmtoms at stationary phase through death phase
4.3.4. Death Phase
4.3.4.1. all bacteria will die
4.4. we take antibiotics to kill bacteria before it kills us
5. CH:13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
5.1. Viruses
5.1.1. are acellular
5.1.1.1. do not have cells
5.1.1.1.1. since no cells they cannot grow or reproduce like bacteria
5.1.1.1.2. can't go through metabolism
5.1.1.1.3. no enzymes
5.1.1.1.4. no toxins
5.1.2. types of viruses
5.1.2.1. Hepititus-A,B,C,D,E
5.1.2.1.1. most common virus
5.1.2.1.2. causes damage to the liver
5.1.2.2. Flue
5.1.2.3. Influenza
5.1.2.4. Common Cold
5.1.2.5. Chicken Pox
5.1.2.6. Small Pox
5.1.2.7. Polio
5.1.2.8. Rubella
5.1.2.9. Mumps
5.1.2.10. Measels
5.1.2.11. Rabies
5.1.2.12. HIV
5.1.2.13. H1N1
5.1.2.13.1. Flue like symptoms
5.1.2.14. HTLV-1
5.1.2.14.1. Cancer
5.1.2.15. Epstein-Barr Virus
5.1.2.15.1. Nasophyrngeal Carcimana
5.1.2.15.2. Burkittis Lymphoma
5.1.2.15.3. Infectious Mononucleous
5.1.3. Made up of 2 chemicals
5.1.3.1. Protien
5.1.3.1.1. Capsid & Capsomere
5.1.3.2. Nucliec Acid
5.1.3.2.1. DNA or RNA
5.1.4. 3 different types of Virus
5.1.4.1. Virion
5.1.4.1.1. complete virus
5.1.4.2. Viroids
5.1.4.2.1. incomplete virus
5.1.4.3. Prion
5.1.4.3.1. incomplete virus
5.1.5. viruses are categorized into 2 groups those with DNA and those with RNA.
5.1.5.1. Then they are categorized by being enveloped or non-enveloped.