
1. Phonemic Awareness
1.1. Focus on the smallest units of sounds in words - PHONEMES
1.2. Segment the sounds and then blend them together - Main element of READING
1.2.1. ISOLATION of the sounds
1.2.1.1. in KINDERGARDEN - pictures, words
1.2.1.2. do it with initial, medial or final sounds
1.2.2. SEGMENTATION of phonemes
1.2.2.1. Counting the different sounds
1.2.2.1.1. e.g. C-A-T (3 phonemes)
1.2.2.1.2. e.g. SH-EE-P (3 phonemes)
1.2.3. BLENDING of the sounds
1.2.3.1. Stretch the word out and then put it together
1.2.3.1.1. e.g. "i"+"t" (they say "it")
1.2.4. MANIPULATION of sounds
1.2.4.1. Stretch the word out and then replace a sound with another one
1.2.4.1.1. e.g. "chair" - take away the "ch" and replace it with a "f" - "fair"
1.3. More defined category within Phonological Awareness
2. Phonics
2.1. Sounds in the printed texts
2.2. Sounds represented with Letters
2.3. Mapping sounds to letters - learn the rules and patterns
2.4. ALPHABETIC PRINCIPLE
2.5. Main step in the process of learning to READ
3. Phonological Awareness
3.1. Universal picture - awareness of SOUNDS
3.2. In English - Deep Orthography: no 1:1 correspondence for Letters & Sounds, 26 letters & 44 sounds!
3.2.1. Different letters/letter combinations can relate to different sounds e.g. "ch"
3.2.1.1. CHair
3.2.1.2. CHristmas
3.2.1.3. maCHine
3.3. Hearing sounds
3.3.1. Rhyming e.g. mop-top
3.3.1.1. Children - chanting, singing in KINDERGARDEN
3.3.2. Illiteration
3.3.2.1. Tongue twisters
3.3.3. Syllabication
3.3.3.1. Clapping to count the syllables in your name