Phonological Awareness, Phonemic Awareness & Phonics

1. Phonemic Awareness

1.1. Focus on the smallest units of sounds in words - PHONEMES

1.2. Segment the sounds and then blend them together - Main element of READING

1.2.1. ISOLATION of the sounds

1.2.1.1. in KINDERGARDEN - pictures, words

1.2.1.2. do it with initial, medial or final sounds

1.2.2. SEGMENTATION of phonemes

1.2.2.1. Counting the different sounds

1.2.2.1.1. e.g. C-A-T (3 phonemes)

1.2.2.1.2. e.g. SH-EE-P (3 phonemes)

1.2.3. BLENDING of the sounds

1.2.3.1. Stretch the word out and then put it together

1.2.3.1.1. e.g. "i"+"t" (they say "it")

1.2.4. MANIPULATION of sounds

1.2.4.1. Stretch the word out and then replace a sound with another one

1.2.4.1.1. e.g. "chair" - take away the "ch" and replace it with a "f" - "fair"

1.3. More defined category within Phonological Awareness

2. Phonics

2.1. Sounds in the printed texts

2.2. Sounds represented with Letters

2.3. Mapping sounds to letters - learn the rules and patterns

2.4. ALPHABETIC PRINCIPLE

2.5. Main step in the process of learning to READ

3. Phonological Awareness

3.1. Universal picture - awareness of SOUNDS

3.2. In English - Deep Orthography: no 1:1 correspondence for Letters & Sounds, 26 letters & 44 sounds!

3.2.1. Different letters/letter combinations can relate to different sounds e.g. "ch"

3.2.1.1. CHair

3.2.1.2. CHristmas

3.2.1.3. maCHine

3.3. Hearing sounds

3.3.1. Rhyming e.g. mop-top

3.3.1.1. Children - chanting, singing in KINDERGARDEN

3.3.2. Illiteration

3.3.2.1. Tongue twisters

3.3.3. Syllabication

3.3.3.1. Clapping to count the syllables in your name