1. 100 Days
1.1. Amiens
1.1.1. August 8, 1918
1.2. Canal du Nordi
1.2.1. September. 27, 1918
1.3. Cambrai
1.3.1. October 11, 1918
1.4. Mons
1.4.1. November 11, 1918
2. 1947-1991
3. Cold War
4. 1947-Present
5. Peacekeeping
6. Lester B. Pearson
6.1. Lived From
6.1.1. April 23, 1897-December 27, 1972
6.2. Prime Minister
6.2.1. 1963-1968
6.3. Nobel Peace Prize
6.3.1. Won for his role in the Suez Crisis
7. Dunkirk
7.1. The evacuation of British and French troops
7.1.1. 330, 000 soldiers were trapped by German forces
7.1.2. "little ships" were used for the evacuation of British and French troops
7.2. Troops were surrounded on the beaches of Dunkirk
7.3. German forces were never ordered to make a full scale attack
7.3.1. so, all soldiers were evacuated to Britain
8. Battle of Britain
8.1. The RAF and Luftwaffle clashed over the skies of Britain in the longest bombing campaign to that date
8.1.1. the German air force failed to control the skies over Britain
8.1.1.1. around 21% of RAF fighter pilots were lost on average every month
8.1.1.2. 16% of Luftwaffle fighter pilots were lost on average each month
8.2. the battle consisted of planes fighting overhead instead of troops fighting on ground
8.2.1. on August 13-15 the Luftwaffe turned to bombing RAF air bases
8.3. Britain were supplied with planes, troops and trained pilots from Canada
8.4. British advance in radar technology could detect German air forces, and be in the air before they had a chance to attack
9. Peacekeeping Missions
10. Korea
10.1. 1947-48
10.1.1. supervise elections
10.2. 1950-53
10.2.1. sends in troops
11. Palestine
11.1. supervise and monitor ceasefire
12. India and Pakistan
12.1. 1949
12.1.1. supervise ceasefire between India and Pakistan
12.2. 1965-66
12.2.1. Canada send contingent to border India and Pakistan
13. Egypt
13.1. 1956
13.1.1. supervise French, Israeli, and English withdrawl
13.2. 1973-79
13.2.1. supervise ceasefire between Egypt and Israel
14. Lebanon
14.1. Canada sends contingent to Lebanon
15. Congo
15.1. sent to restore order in African nation
15.2. assist in the removal of Belgium troops
16. West New Guinea
16.1. sent to monitor ceasefire between Netherlands and Indonesia
16.1.1. help peacfully transition of the territory to Indonesia
16.2. assist with maintaining rule of law and protecting human rights
17. Yemen
17.1. Canada sends contingent
18. Cyprus
18.1. maintain balance between Greek and Turkish over newly created island
19. Dominican Republic
19.1. to contribute to ceasefire
19.2. to withdraw OAS Forces
20. Israel and Syria
20.1. sends contingent to buffer zone between Israel and Syria
20.2. provide support for UN forces
21. Afghanistan
21.1. Canada sends contingent
22. Iran and Iraq
22.1. sends conginent to Iran-Iraq borders
23. Angola
23.1. assist in withdrawal of Cuban forces
24. Nambilia
24.1. Canada send contingent
25. Haiti
25.1. 1990
25.1.1. observe election process
25.2. 1993
25.2.1. Canada sends 750 military personnel and 30 civilian police
25.3. 1994
25.3.1. Canada send contingent to UN blockade of Haiti
25.4. 1996
25.4.1. Canada contributes 752 military personnel and 100 civilian police
25.5. 1997
25.5.1. Canada sends 650 military personnel and 60 civilian police
25.5.2. 22 civilian police and police trainers
25.6. 2004
25.6.1. Canada sends 66 civilian police and 5 military personnel
26. Knor Abdullah
26.1. monitor waterway between Iraq and Kuwait
27. El Salvador
27.1. Canada sends contingent to monitor ceasefire following the 12 year civil war in El Salvador
28. Bosnia and Herzgovina
28.1. Canada sends 30 civilian police
29. Guatemala
29.1. Canada monitors the ceasefire agreement
30. Canada's Role
31. The United States
32. The United Nations
33. Peacekeeping
33.1. Canada aided in peacekeeping with the UN
34. NORAD
34.1. North American Aerospace Defence Command
34.1.1. an air-defence system in northern Canada
34.1.2. role was to warn of Soviet bombers and/or missiles
35. Projects
35.1. Avro Arrow
35.1.1. was a delta winged interceptor aircraft
35.1.1.1. was seen as an advanced technical acheivement
35.1.1.2. also an aerodynamic achievement for Canadian aviation industry
35.1.2. study began in 1953
35.1.3. Black Friday
35.1.3.1. February 20, 1959
35.1.3.2. put 14,528 employees out of work
35.1.3.3. nearly another 15,000 employees in suppliers
36. NATO
36.1. Canada's role was to secure shipping lanes between North America and Europe
36.2. they would make sure all trade supplies would make it from place to place
36.3. Canada supplied their Navy since it was one of the largest at that point n time
36.3.1. Canada since then has sold most of their warships and planes
37. Strained When...
37.1. Canada withdrew warheads
37.2. Pierre Trudeau recognized People'sRepublic of China
37.3. Pierre grew in relations with Castro
37.4. Pierre decreased troops at NATO in Europe
38. 1914-1918
39. WWII
40. WWI
41. Historical Battles
42. 1935-1945
43. Somme
43.1. Offensive Attack
43.1.1. seen as an opportunity to stop German forces
43.2. Under British Command
43.2.1. British General Douglas Haig
43.3. Poor planned/ stratigised
43.3.1. resulted in over 24, 000 Canadian deaths
44. Vimy Ridge
44.1. Under Canadian Command
44.1.1. General Arthur Currie
44.2. Offensive Attack
44.2.1. the ridge was seen as a vantage point for whoever held it
44.2.2. German troops surrendered 2 days later
44.3. Used Creeping Barrage Tactic
44.3.1. artillery would fire just in front of the troops to provide cover for them
44.3.2. troops wold be on top of German forces before they couple ready themselves
44.3.3. had to be executed precisely, with troops meeting at specific locations and the right time
44.4. Troops and Casualties
44.4.1. 40,000 troops went over the trenches and around 36,400 came back alive
45. Contribution to War
45.1. Military
45.1.1. 424, 000 soldies
45.1.2. 8, 000 sailors
45.1.3. 35, 972 pilots
45.2. Artillery
45.2.1. Guns
45.2.2. Ammunition
45.2.3. Mortars
45.3. Machinery
45.3.1. Planes
45.3.2. Battleships
46. Ypres
46.1. Place
46.1.1. town in Belgium
46.2. First time chemical warfare was ever used
46.2.1. resulted in around 6,000 casualties
46.2.2. chemicals would cause suffering of the troops
46.3. Under British Command
46.4. Defensive Attack
47. Passchendale
47.1. Under British Command
47.1.1. General Douglais Haig
47.2. Third Battle of Ypres
47.3. Rough Turrain
47.3.1. Craters were made from the bombardment
47.3.2. Land was demormend
47.3.3. Rain slowed the troops
47.4. Casualties
47.4.1. 15,654
48. Battles
49. Hong Kong
49.1. The battle was the first of many battles of the War of the Pacific in WWII
49.1.1. even though the troops had no chance of victory, they refused to back down until they were overran by enemy forces
49.1.1.1. for those that survived, they were taken prisoners
49.2. In October 1941, a group of Canadian troops were ordered for service in the Pacific
49.2.1. the battalion consisted of 1,975 soldiers
49.2.1.1. 290 soldiers were killed in battle
49.2.1.2. 264 more died as prisoners held by Japanese forces
49.2.1.3. close to 500 Canadians were wounded
50. Dieppe Raid
50.1. Took place on the northern coast of France
50.1.1. the coast was a small French port of Dieppe
50.2. 4,963 Canadian soldiers were involved in the operation
50.2.1. the raid resulted in over 900 Canadian deaths
50.2.2. thousand more soldiers were either wounded or taken prisoners
50.3. The operation was not successful, but provided many lessons for other assaults
51. Italian Campaign
51.1. The campaign began with the Allied forces landing in Sicily
51.1.1. the operation began when Canadian and British troops came ashore the tip of Sicily
51.1.1.1. the assault was the largest seaborne operation in military history
51.1.1.2. the operation involved 3,000 Allied ships and landing crafts
51.1.2. the fighting would last more than four weeks of fighting
51.2. The liberation of mainland Italy started on September 3, 1943
51.2.1. after the loss of Sicily, Germany was was determined to hold the Italian mainland
51.3. The campaign totalled more than 26,000 casualties for Canadian troops
52. D-Day
52.1. Place
52.1.1. 50 mile stretch along the five beaches of Normandy, France
52.2. The objective was to liberate Western Europe from Nazi Control
52.3. The battle began when 156,000 American, British, and Canadian forces stormed the beaches of Normandy
52.3.1. British and Canadian troops captured beaches Gold, Juno, and Sword
52.3.2. US forces faced heavy resistance at Utah and Omaha Beach
52.4. By late August, all of Northern France had been liberated
52.4.1. the landing was called the beginning of the end of the war
52.4.2. June 11, the beaches were secured with over 326,000 troops, 50,000 vehicles, and 100,000 tons of equipment was held at Normandy
53. Liberation of Europe
53.1. In the ending of WWII, 1944-1945, the rest of Europe began to be liberated by Allied forces
53.1.1. the Allies began to take large numbers of prisoners from the Axis powers
53.1.2. Concentration camps began to be liberated by Allied forces in the West
53.1.3. Mussolini, dictator of Italy, is killed and Italy surrenders
53.1.4. Hitler commits suicide, April 29, and Germany surrenders shortly after
53.2. May 8, 1945, is Victory in Europe Day which marks the end of WWII with German unconditional surrender of its forces
54. Battle of the Atlantic
54.1. Longest military engagement of WWII
54.2. Fought by the Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Canadian Air force
54.2.1. more than 4,600 men and women lost their lives at sea
54.3. ended May 1945
55. War in the Pacific
55.1. Started with Japan's invasion on Pearl Harbour
55.1.1. In a surprise, Japan bombed US naval base, Pearl Harbour
55.2. Japanese forces attacked to control eastern Asia and the Pacific
55.2.1. Battle between the US and Japan broke out in the Pacific
55.3. Japan eventually surrendered on August 15, 1945
55.3.1. Japan's surrender came after the US dropped two atomic bombs
55.3.2. The bombs destroyed the cities of Hiroshima, August 6, and Nagasaki, August 9,
56. Contribution to War
56.1. Military
56.1.1. 750, 000 soldiers
56.1.2. 100, 000 sailors
56.1.3. 250, 000 pilots
56.2. Artillery
56.2.1. Guns
56.2.2. Ammunition
56.2.3. Bombs
56.2.4. Mortars
56.3. Machinery
56.3.1. Planes
56.3.2. Battleships
56.3.3. Tanks