1. Chapter Two The Politics of Education
1.1. 1. The intellectual purpose of schooling are to teach basic cognitive skills such as reaading, writing and mathematics.
1.2. 2.The political purposes of schooling are to inculcate allegiance to the existing political order to prepare citizens who will participate in this political order. Example would be patriotism.
1.3. 3.The social purpose of schooling are to help solve social problems; to work as one of many institutions, such as the family and the church.
1.4. 4.The economic purposes of schooling are to prepare students for their later occuptational roles and select, train and allocate individuals into the division of labor.
1.5. The role of the school
1.5.1. The liberal perspective sees the role of educationas balancing the needs of socitey and the individual in a manner that is consistent with a democtatic and meritocratic society.
1.6. Explanations of Unequal Educational Performace
1.6.1. Liberals argues that individual students or groups of students begin school with different life chances and therfore some groups have significantly more advantages than others.
1.7. Definition of Educational Problems
1.7.1. The liberals argues that schools have often limited the life chances of poor and minority children and therfore the problem of underachievement is an issues. The schools also have too much discipline and authority. Socioeconomic backgrounds is a central problem related to inequalities of results.
2. Chapter Six: Schools as Organizations and Teacher Professionalization
2.1. The major steakholders in my district would be
2.1.1. The State Senators are Richard Shelby, Jeffery Sessions.
2.1.2. The House of Representives is Terri Collins.
2.1.3. The Alabama State Superintendent is Michael Sentance.
2.1.4. The representive for district 6 on the state school board is Cynthia Sanders McCarty.
2.1.5. The local Superintendent is Vic Wilson.
2.1.6. The school board consist of, Mrs. Venia Jonnes, Dr. James Joy, Ms. Amy Pace, Ms. Jennfier Sittason, Mr. Randy Sparkman.
2.2. The Elements of change
2.2.1. Conflict- it is a necessary part of change because it allows issues to surface and to be addressed.
2.2.2. New behaviors - Must be learned. Change requires new relationships and behaviors built on communication.
2.2.3. Team building- It must extend to the entire school and school system.
2.2.4. Process and content are interrelated.- The process a ream uses in going about its workis as important as the context of educational changes it attempts.
2.3. Culture
2.3.1. Changing the culture of a school in order to make the school more learner centered requires time, effort, intellifence, and good will.
3. Chapter Eight: Equality of Opporunity
3.1. Class
3.1.1. Students of different social classes, all have different educational experiences. These experiences help shape their futures. Many classes can not afford to go to college therefore they work more hours in lower paying jobs.
3.2. Race
3.2.1. Minorities have lower scores on SAT which effects getting into colleges and setting them up for a difficult road ahead. It is difficult to separate race from class. Minorities do not receive the same educational opportunities are the majority.
3.3. Gender
3.3.1. Today females are less likely to drop out of school than men. The one area where men outdo the female class in education is mathematics. Men overall are morel likely to score higher on teh SAT than women.
3.4. Coleman Study
3.4.1. Response Two:
3.5. Response one There is evidence to support both views. Catholic Schools seem to advantage low income minority students, especially in urban ares.
4. Chapter Nine: Educational Inequality
4.1. The two deprivation theories
4.1.1. Cultural deprivation theory suggests that working class and nonwhite families often lack the cultural resources, such as books and other educational stimuli, and arrive at school with a disadvantage.
4.1.2. Scientists believed it to be paternalistic at best and race at worst.
4.2. Inequality in the schools
4.2.1. School financing for public schools are through a combination of revenues from local , state, and federal sources.
4.2.2. School research suggest that there are school-centered processes that help to explain unequal educational achievement by different groups of students.
5. Chapter Ten: Educational Reform
5.1. States are responding to this demand by authorizing more charters and amending charter laws to accommodate the desire for growth.
5.2. School business partnerships were formed the most notable of which was the Boston Compact in 1982 due to concern that the schools were not making students with the needed work skills.
5.3. Privatizations, where private companies are taking over public schools. Example is the Edison Company.
5.4. In the 1990's school-business partnerships became incorporated into school-to-work programs. President Bill Clinton signed the School-to- Work Opportunities Act of 1994.
5.5. Reforms
5.5.1. School financing
5.5.1.1. Although the State enacted an income tax in accordnce with the ruiling o fht ecase in 1973, the program was never fully funded. In 1990 the court ruled that more funding was needed to serve the students in poorer districts.
5.5.2. Full service
5.5.2.1. Full service schools focus on meeting students' and families educational, physical, psychological an social needs in a coordinated and collaborative fashion between school and community services.
6. The Curriculum Theory
6.1. The developmentaslist curriculum is related ot the needs and interests of the student rather than the needs of society. Student centered and was concerned with relating the curriculum to the needs and interests of each chold at particlar developmental stages. It also looks at what was taught and how it is taught, and relating school to life experiences for each student.
7. Chapter Three The History of Education
7.1. The Reform Movement
7.1.1. The refrom movemtn for women and african-americans had the most influence on schooling in my opinoon because it let the women have the right to go to school, and it let the african-americans have rights to an education.
7.2. Historical Interpretations
7.2.1. The Democratic- Liberal School is a school system committed to providing equality of opportunity for all. They believe that we must continue to move closer to each, with out sacrificing one or the other too dramatically.
8. Chapter Four The Sociology of Education
8.1. Theoretical perspective concerning the relationship between school and society are broken into three major theories.
8.1.1. 1. Functional Theories is where society is interdepended of the social system.They view society as a kind of machine.
8.1.2. 2.Conflict Theories in this view, the glue of society is economic, political, cultural, and military power.
8.1.3. 3.Interactional Theories at this level of analysis helps in understanding education in the "big picture" it does not provide a clear picture of what everdaay life is like at school.
9. Chaper Five The Philosophy of Education and Its Signigicance for Teachers
9.1. Existentalism
9.1.1. Existentalism is a modern philosophy. Individuals are placed on the earth alone and must make some sense out of the chaos they encounter. Sartre believed that people must create themselves and they create their own meaning. Either good or bad.
9.1.1.1. The goal of eduction should focus on the needs of the individual and the role of the teacher is that they should understand their own lived world as well as the students so they can become the best person they can be.
9.1.1.1.1. The method of instruction should vaary depending on how the child learns best. As a teacher we should help the students understand the world through posing questions, generating activities and working together.Curriculum should be based heavily in Literature, art, music and dramas.
10. Charpter Seven: Curriculum, Pedagogy, and the Transmission of Knowledge
10.1. Knowledge
10.1.1. Transmittion of Knowledge is how can we transmit this knowlege to the students in a way that they will understand.
10.1.2. Values have always been important to teach to students no matter what age they are. If the student does not know how to value theirself and others they will not make the community a successful one.