Bilingualism
by Monica Nuñez
1. Variables
2. social factors
3. Psychological factors.
4. Cultural context.
5. Variables in relation to bilingualism.
6. 2- Context of bilingualism language acquisition.
7. -Home ( age/ the way/to whom/frequency) -School or university -Working environment -Travel -Residence in a foreign country
8. Primary context - Acquisition of both languages in a naturalistic setting.
9. Naturalistic fused - Simultaneous acquisition of both languages in the same context. The same person teaches the two languages.
10. Naturalistic separate - One person teaches one language and another person teaches the other language.
11. Secondary context - Acquisition of one language in a structured setting. (school).
12. Elective bilinguals - People choose to be bilinguals. ( school of English).
13. Circumstantial bilingual - They have no choice but to be bilingual. (working abroad).
14. 3- Age of acquisition.
15. Early bilinguals - Exposed to both languages before adolescence.
16. Late bilinguals - Acquisition of the second language after adolescence.
17. Use of two languages.
18. Control / Command of two languages
19. 1-Degree of bilingualism
20. Minimal approach - Minimal communicative ability
21. Maximalist approach - full command of the language.
22. Balanced bilingualism - Full command of the two languages.
23. Dominant bilingualism - Dominant in one language.
24. Passive bilingualism - Loosing competence in one language becouse of disuse. Usually the ability to understand but not produce.
25. Active bilingualism - Productive use of both languages.
26. Semilinguals or limited bilinguals - Limited level of proficiency in both languages because of social economic status rather than language background.
27. 4-Domain of use. (Circunstances)
28. Demarcation of function influence
29. -Family -Friendship -Religion -Education -Employment
30. Location or place - Strong impact on language choice.
31. Topic - Depends on increase exposure to language.
32. 5- Social orientation.
33. Subtractive bilingualism - Learning a new language loosing competence in the first one, "replacement".
34. Additive - Form of enrichment desired by the community.
35. More factors which influence bilingualism: - Self identity -Attitude towards the community -Demographic factors -Hypothetical mental organization of the two languages.
