Bilingualism

Bilingualism por Monica Nuñez

1. Variables

2. social factors

3. Psychological factors.

4. Cultural context.

5. Variables in relation to bilingualism.

6. 2- Context of bilingualism language acquisition.

7. -Home ( age/ the way/to whom/frequency)                                    -School or university                              -Working environment                          -Travel                                                    -Residence in a foreign country

8. Primary context - Acquisition of both languages in a naturalistic setting.

9. Naturalistic fused - Simultaneous acquisition of both languages in the same context. The same person teaches the two languages.

10. Naturalistic separate - One person teaches one language and another person teaches the other language.

11. Secondary context - Acquisition of one language in a structured setting. (school).

12. Elective bilinguals - People choose to be bilinguals. ( school of English).

13. Circumstantial bilingual - They have no choice but to be bilingual. (working abroad).

14. 3- Age of acquisition.

15. Early bilinguals - Exposed to both languages before adolescence.

16. Late bilinguals - Acquisition of the second language after adolescence.

17. Use of two languages.

18. Control / Command of two languages

19. 1-Degree of bilingualism

20. Minimal approach - Minimal communicative ability

21. Maximalist approach - full command  of the language.

22. Balanced bilingualism - Full command of the two languages.

23. Dominant bilingualism - Dominant in one language.

24. Passive bilingualism - Loosing competence in one language becouse of disuse. Usually the ability to understand but not produce.

25. Active bilingualism - Productive use of both languages.

26. Semilinguals or limited bilinguals - Limited level of proficiency in both languages because of social economic status rather than language background.

27. 4-Domain of use. (Circunstances)

28. Demarcation of function influence

29. -Family                                                    -Friendship                                              -Religion                                                -Education                                              -Employment

30. Location or place - Strong impact on language choice.

31. Topic - Depends on increase exposure to language.

32. 5- Social orientation.

33. Subtractive bilingualism - Learning a new language loosing competence in the first one, "replacement".

34. Additive - Form of enrichment desired by the community.

35. More factors which influence bilingualism:                                               - Self identity                                         -Attitude towards the community         -Demographic factors                             -Hypothetical mental organization           of the two languages.