Characteristics of Qualitative Research
by Christy Cook

1. Prevailing Strategies used in both [7 of 8 provided in Table 2.2 (Merriam, 2002, p. 31)
1.1. Triangulation
1.2. Peer Review
1.3. Reflexivity
1.4. Rich Thick Descriptions
1.5. Rich Thick Descriptions
1.6. Maximum variation
1.7. Triangulation
2. Inductive Process
2.1. Cultural Values (Western & Eastern): What is it?
2.2. Cultural Values: Where did they come from (spiritual/philosophical)?
2.3. Cultural Values: How are the similar/different?
2.4. Spirituality & Emancipatory Education in Women Adult Educators: What is it?
2.5. Spirituality & Emancipatory Education in Women Adult Educators: Where did they come from (spiritual/philosophical)?
2.6. Spirituality & Emancipatory Education in Women Adult Educators:: How is it similar/different?
3. Understand the meaning (providing context, reflection)
3.1. CULTURAL VALUES, AGING, AND LEARNING
3.1.1. Interpretivism
3.1.2. Phenomenology
3.2. MALAYSIA AND MALAYSIAN VALUES
3.2.1. Learning Is Communal
3.2.2. Learning Is Spiritually and/or Philosophically Driven
3.2.3. Learning Is Nonformal and Experiential
3.3. Spirituality
3.3.1. Horizontalization
3.3.2. Phenomenology
3.4. Emancipatory Adult Education in Women Adult Educators
3.5. Social Change
3.5.1. Everyday Human Experiences
3.5.2. Typical experiences: Sociological or Psychological phenomena
3.5.3. Common transitions of contemporary interest
4. Pedagogy in Adult Learners
4.1. Religious Backgrounds
4.2. Reconsidering and Reframing
4.3. Culture
4.4. Tradition
4.5. Socially Acceptable
5. Intrinsic Motivation
5.1. subject
5.2. objective
5.3. generalizability
5.4. validity
5.5. reliability
5.6. truth
5.7. fact
5.8. reality
5.9. bias
6. Richly Descriptive
6.1. Sample Set
6.2. Interviews
6.3. Reflexivity
6.3.1. Re-Membering
6.3.2. Bracketing
6.3.3. Pivotal Experiences
7. Researcher is the primary instrument: Understanding; Responsive and Adaptive
7.1. Validity
7.2. Reliability
7.3. Trustworthiness
7.3.1. Biases
7.3.2. Misunderstandings