from the Plantagenets to the Wars of the Roses

1. Norman kings

1.1. William I

1.2. William II

1.3. Henry I

1.4. Stephen

2. The House of Plantagenet

2.1. Henry II (1154-1189)

2.1.1. government and laws

2.1.1.1. military reform

2.1.1.2. the reform of justice

2.1.2. church

2.1.2.1. Henry II appointed Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury

2.1.2.1.1. Thomas Becket was murdered by 4 knights sent by Henry II

2.2. Richard I (1189-1199)

2.3. John (1199-1216)

2.3.1. sign and important document: the Magna Carta (1215)

2.3.1.1. Magna Carta

2.3.1.1.1. promised freedoms to all people

2.3.1.1.2. gave England the basis of a legal system

2.3.1.1.3. protected the rights of ordinary people

2.3.1.1.4. promised to have good and fair laws

2.3.1.1.5. prevented any freeman from being punished without a proper trial

2.4. Henry III (1216-1272)

2.5. Edward I (1272-1307)

2.5.1. The birth of Parliament in 1295 the meeting of the king’s council was known as ‘The Model Parliament’, England’s first Parliament.

2.6. Edward II (1307-1327)

2.7. Edward III (1327-1377)

2.7.1. The Hundred Years' War with France (1337-1453)

2.7.2. The Black Death (1348-1350)

2.7.2.1. It was a terrible plague which spread across Europe, caused by fleas, it killed one third of Britain’s population.

2.7.3. He founded the Order of the Garter: a group of 24 knights (as Arthurian legends)

2.8. Richard II (1377-1399)

2.8.1. The Peasants’ Revolt

2.8.1.1. Richard II introduced the poll tax.

2.8.1.2. A tax imposed on every adult without reference to their income

2.8.1.3. A craftsman, Wat Tyler, gathered a crowd of people and marched on London

2.8.1.4. They asked the king to abolish the peasants’ duties to their landlords

2.8.1.5. The Mayor of London had Tyler killed.

2.8.1.6. The king had the leaders of the revolt executed.

3. The Wars of the Roses (1455-85)

3.1. Decline of the monarchy due to

3.1.1. civil war fought by the two rival families. the war was very bloody.

3.1.1.1. the House of Lancaster

3.1.1.1.1. Henry IV

3.1.1.1.2. Henry V

3.1.1.1.3. Henry VI

3.1.1.2. the House of York

3.1.1.2.1. Edward IV

3.1.1.2.2. Edward V

3.1.1.2.3. Richard III