concert of power

1. world order centered around Europe from 1814–1914

1.1. Phrase 1: from 1814 to the early 1860s

1.1.1. ending with the Prussian and Austrian invasion of Denmark

1.1.2. included numerous congresses, including the Congress of Paris in 1856 which some scholars argue represented the apex of the Concert of Europe in its ending of the Crimean War.

1.2. Phrase 2: from the 1880s to 1914

1.2.1. beginning with another attempt at alliances driven largely by German Chancellor Bismark

1.2.2. ending which resulted in the outbreak of World War 1

1.2.3. The creation of the Triple Alliance (which consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the rival Triple Entente (which consisted of France, Russia, and Great Britain) occurred during the end of the second phase of the Concert of Europe. It is these two alliances which played major factors in pitting European powers against each other, contributing to Balkan instability in the former Yugoslavia, and the outbreak of the first World War

2. New Congress System (Vienna System)

3. its failure started First World War

3.1. rival alliances

3.2. the rise of nationalism

4. dominated by the five Great Powers of Europe, members of the Quadruple Alliance that defeated Napoleon.

4.1. Austria

4.2. France

4.3. Prussia

4.4. Russia

4.5. United Kingdom

5. purposes

5.1. oppose revolutionary movements

5.2. weaken the forces of nationalism

5.3. uphold the balance of power

6. how it is born

6.1. raised by figures such as Gottfried Leibniz, Lord Grenville, Metternich

6.2. ideas and the notion of a balance of power in international relations, so that the ambitions of each Great Power would be restrained by the others

6.3. derived from the final Act of the Vienna Congress, which stipulated that the boundaries established in 1815 could not be altered without the consent of its eight signatories.