1. The Social and Cultural Impacts of Globalisation
1.1. homogenisation of culture and place
1.2. “a process of deterritorialization: as social, political, and economic activities are increasingly ‘stretched' across the globe they become in a significant sense no longer organised solely according to a strictly territorial logic.”
1.2.1. Anthony McGrew
1.3. rather than homogenization or hybridization better express the dominant forms of cultural relations under globalised conditions.
1.3.1. Martin Albrow
1.4. one of the fundamental consequences of modernity … is globalization
1.4.1. Giddens
1.5. Globalization has helped hundreds of millions of people attain higher standards of living, beyond what they, or most economists, thought imaginable
1.5.1. Stiglitz
2. Vernacular architecture
2.1. a sign of identity
2.2. depended on local materials and skills; this led to conserve resources and created uniqueness and identity to each region’s architecture
3. Loss of identity
3.1. If imported materials and high technology are not used smartly, then architecture, as a place definer, will lose relation to its region and ambient environment
3.2. Jason McLennan notes “A simple look at most of our communities being built today shows that we have indeed lost our respect for place”
3.3. mass architecture
3.3.1. Modern architecture progressed with faith in reason. It introduced the concept of internationalization in architecture, whereby designs of offices, schools, hospitals and housing have been based on multifunction.
3.3.2. Jean Baudrillard
3.3.3. post-modern
3.3.3.1. Buildings are to function as vehicles of ideas and activities within it
3.3.3.2. concept of universalism to express and accommodate symbols of technological development, national progress, economic integration and internationalization.
3.4. The global architects argue that the stylistic buildings during the modern age surpass its classical, constructivist, modernist and colonial counterparts because it facilitates the vernacular expression and allows regional and aesthetic inspiration to integrate into designs
3.5. Instead, today architectural designs are dominated by political hegemony and economic dominance.
4. Introduction
4.1. What is globalisation
4.2. The meaning of identity
5. Global and Local Cultures
5.1. Localism, Globalism and Cultural Identity
5.1.1. "globalization and localization are inextricably bound together"
5.1.1.1. Mike Featherstone. Undoing Culture: Globalization, Postmodernism and Identity . London: Sage, 1995, 103
5.1.2. As local identity is seen to stand in opposition to global uniformity, any new buildings that explicitly share the identity of existing buildings will, unavoidably, be seen as a reinforcement of the threatened identity of a place
5.1.2.1. Adam, R., 2012. The Globalisation Of Modern Architecture. Cambridge Scholars Publishing
6. Sustainability
6.1. Vernacular architecture was built on inherently sustainable principles such as resource limitations imposed by economic or natural factors, yet succeeded in offering rational solutions to harsh climates and human need
6.2. “Diversity is the characteristic of nature, and the basis of ecological stability. Diverse ecosystems give rise to diverse life forms and diverse cultures. The co-evolution of culture, life forms and habitats has conserved the biological diversity of the planet. Cultural diversity and biological diversity therefore go hand in hand.”
6.2.1. Steven Shrybman
6.3. “sustainability becomes a form of localism.”
6.3.1. Peter Oborn
6.3.2. Aedas’s twin towers of the Abu Dhabi