Grade 7 Natural Science Energy and Change

1. Sources of Energy

1.1. Renewable Energy

1.1.1. Hydro Power Power that is generated from moving water such as rivers.

1.1.1.1. Solar Power Power generated directly from sunlight.

1.1.1.1.1. Wind Wind can be used to produce electricity that heats homes and lights streets and buildings.

1.2. Non-Renewable Energy

1.2.1. Fossil Fuels Energy sources formed in the Earth's crust from rotten organic material, including petroleum, natural gas, and coal.

1.2.1.1. Coal Explosive black/ brownish-black sedimentary rock with a high amount of carbon and hydrocarbons.

1.2.1.1.1. Natural Gas A fossil energy source that formed deep beneath the earth's surface.

2. Heat Transfer

2.1. Conduction When heat moves from one object to another object through direct touch.

2.2. Convection The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid/gas.

2.3. Radiation Energy that moves from one place to another, e.g. light, sound, heat, and X-rays.

3. Insulation and Energy Saving

3.1. Insulating materials Materials that do not allow electricity to pass through them, e.g. plastic, rubber, wood, and glass.

4. Energy Transfer to Surroundings

4.1. Useful Energy When all the energy is used that is produced.

4.2. ‘Wasted’ Energy When there are two or more types of energy produced and one is not used.

5. Potential and Kinetic Energy

5.1. Potential energy Mechanical energy, stored energy, or energy caused by an object’s position.

5.2. Kinetic energy The energy of motion, viewed as the movement of an object, particle, or set of particles.

5.3. Law of conservation of energy Energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only transformed from one form of energy to another.